Frequency of Systemic Diseases and Medication Intake by Patients Referred to the Department of Oral Medicine of Hamadan Dental School

Objectives Due to advances in knowledge and treatment of diseases, life expectancy has increased worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of systemic diseases and medication intake by dental patients referred to dental clinic of Hamadan Dental School.Methods A total of 800 patients referred to the Department of Oral Medicine from October 2013 to May 2014 were studied. The data extracted from patient charts included demographic data, systemic diseases, and medication intake, which were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test with SPSS version 16.0.Results Of all, 28.8% of participants were males and 71.2% were females. The mean age of participants was 32.3 years. The total prevalence of systemic diseases was 30.5%. The most common condition was endocrine diseases. The total prevalence of medication intake was 20% and the most common medications taken were supplements and antihypertensive medications.Conclusion The results of the present study showed that systemic diseases were prevalent in dental patients. Dentists and dental students must take a precise medical and medication history from patients before starting any dental procedure to prevent medical emergencie

Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers : Retrospective cohort study

Objectives: Saliva contains alkaline phosphatase (ALP)—a key intracellular enzyme related to destructive processes and cellular damage—and has buffering capacity (BC) against acids due to the presence of bicarbonate and phosphate ions. Smoking may have deleterious effects on the oral environment due to pH changes which can affect ALP activity. This study aimed to evaluate the salivary pH, BC and ALP activity of male smokers and healthy non-smokers. Methods: This retrospective cohort study took place between August 2012 and December 2013. A total of 251 healthy male non-smokers and 259 male smokers from Hamadan, Iran, were selected. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each participant and pH and BC were determined using a pH meter. Salivary enzymes were measured by spectrophotometric assay. Results: Mean salivary pH (7.42 ± 0.48 and 7.52 ± 0.43, respectively; P = 0.018) and BC (3.41 ± 0.54 and 4.17 ± 0.71; P = 0.001) was significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. Mean ALP levels were 49.58 ± 23.33 IU/L among smokers and 55.11 ± 27.85 IU/L among non-smokers (P = 0.015). Conclusion: Significantly lower pH, BC and ALP levels were observed among smokers in comparison to a healthy control group. These salivary alterations could potentially be utilised as biochemical markers for the evaluation of oral tissue function and side-effects among smokers. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to evaluate the effects of smoking on salivary components

Total antioxidant capacity of saliva and dental caries

Objective: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide. Saliva has many functions in the oral cavity and is the first line defense against dental caries. Oxidative stress can affect initiation and progression of many inflammatory and infectious diseases such as dental caries. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva and dental caries. Study D esign: 100 healthy high school students (50 female and 50 male) with age range of 15 -17 years were randomly selected, divided to four groups. Unstimulated whole saliva specimens were collected at the morning. TAC of saliva was evaluated by spectrophotometric assay. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student's t-test, by SPSS 13. Results: The level of TAC was significantly higher in the saliva of caries active group relative to the caries free subjects. Statistical analysis for male and female groups showed a statistically significant reduction of TAC level in female group. Conclusion: TAC was higher in caries active group. Thus this result showed that total antioxidant capacity may influence in dental caries and activity can be measured by salivary factors and this may be helpful in preventive dentistry

Evaluation of aquired and developmental clinical dental anomalies( tooth wear, discoloration, flurosis, hypodontia , macrodontia and frequency and dental health index in Refereed Patients to Hamadan Dental Faculty

Introdution: Dental anomalies are an important category of dental morphologic variations. Their incidence is different between many populations. This study aimed to determine the frequency of dental anomalies and dental health index in patients referred to department of Oral Medicine of Hamadan dental faculty in 2014 Methods: In this descriptive cross sectinal  study 772 patients referred to department of oral medicine  were examined  for dental anomalies and biographic information, systemic diseases , receiving drugs and  DMFT index (Decay , Missing, Filling Teeth)  were recorded in their charts. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16 software using descreptive , chi square, t test and one-way ANOVA . P value lower than 5% was considered as significant. Results Out of 772 patients 218 (28.2%) were males and 554 (71.8%) were females and their mean age was 32.3. 70% of patients showed at least one dental anomaly. Attrition (40.2%), flourosis (20.3%), accessory cusps (15.7%), tooth discoloration (14.4%) and hypodontia (3.2%) had high frequency anomalies observed in patients. The mean of patients DMFT was 14.095.78. Conclusion: According to results of this study frequency of acquired dental anomalies was relatively common and   dental health index was low in studied population, therefore  dentists continious education  and oral health education for diagnose and prevention of possible problem for dentist and society  seems to be necessary

Intraoral Extranodal Natural Killer Cell/T-Cell Lymphoma of the Hard Palate

Natural killer cell/T-cell lymphoma (NK/TL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and requires early detection, which can be very challenging. NK/TL often arises in the nasal cavity and can then spread to the oral cavity, but the case presented here is an unusual presentation of NK/TL in a 66-year-old edentulous male patient who initially presented an intraoral exophytic lesion in the palate that appeared within 3 months. We report the present case to highlight the challenges of reaching an accurate diagnosis given the diverse clinical manifestations of NK/TL

Antibacterial Activity of Honey on Cariogenic Bacteria

Objective: Honey has antibacterial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of honey on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, solutions containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 50% and100%(w/v) of natural Hamadan honey were prepared. Each blood (nutrient) agar plate was then filled with dilutions of the honey. The strains of bacteria were inoculated in blood agar for 24 hours at 37oC and were adjusted according to the McFarland scale (10×10 cfumcl -1). All assays were repeated 10 times for each of the honey concentrations. Data were analyzed by non parametric Chi-Square test. Statistical significance was set at α=0.05.Results: Significant antibacterial activity was detected for honey on Streptococcus mutans in concentrations more than 20% and on Lactobacillus in 100% concentration (P<0.05).Conclusion: It seems that antibacterial activity of honey could be used for prevention and reduction of dental caries