Performance of Different Rice Genotypes in the Cold Climatic Region of Malakand Division

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield performance of rice genotypes PK3445-3-2, OM5627, IR64, IR8225-9-3-2-3, CIBOGO, Japanese rice and Fakhre Malakand under agro-climatic conditions of Malakand division. The rice genotypes differed significantly with respect to days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, thousand grain weight and paddy yield (t ha-1) except panicle length and number of tillers/hill. Japanese rice has smallest panicle length (21.23 cm) and OM5627 has longest panicle length (28.00 cm). In genotypes Fakhre Malakand showed higher paddy yield (9.58 t ha-1) followed by PK3445-3-2 and IR64 produced paddy yield 8.66 and 8.51 t ha-1 respectively, while the minimum paddy yield (4.02 t ha-1) was recorded in Japanese rice. Therefore the advanced rice genotype PK3445-3-2 should be further evaluated on farmers’ field for approval as a commercial variety and to be best fit in the prevailing cropping pattern of the region. Keywords: Rice, Genotypes, Cold tolerance

Screening of Wheat Germplasm for Various Phenological and Grain Yield Traits

Wheat germplasm were evaluated at experimental Farm of ARI, Mingora Swat, for various characteristics. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Block design with three replications. A plot size of 4x5 m2 was maintained. Wheat Genotype,  WG6 took maximum (138) days to heading followed by Genotype WG13 with maximum of 136 days while Genotypes, WG1, WG3, WG5, and WG12 took minimum of 133 days to heading. Genotypes WG1 and WG12 took maximum (184) days to maturity while Genotype WG2 and WG8 matured earlier (175 days). Maximum plant height (103 cm) at maturity was recorded in wheat Genotype WG11 which was significantly more than that of all other used Genotypes. The minimum of 88 cm plant height was recorded in Genotypes WG14 and WG19. Significantly higher yield of 4642 kg per hectares was recorded in Genotype WG15 followed by Genotype WG20 with grain yield of 4442 kg per hectares. It is concluded that variety well adapted to the agro-ecological conditions of Swat can be selected from these Genotypes for cultivation. Keywords: Screening, Wheat germplasm, Phonological traits, Grain yiel

Economic Analysis Based on Benefit Cost Ratio Approach for Rice Varieties of Malakand Division

Different rice varieties of Malakand division were economically compared using cost benefit analysis approachduring 2014. Data was recorded on a randomly selected sample size of 50 farmers in three districts (Swat,Malakand and Lower Dir) by structured questionnaire. Rice varieties namely, Fakhre Malakand, JP5, Basmati-385, Sara Saila and Mardanai were used in the study. The total per acre paddy and straw yield of rice varietiesamounted a sum of Rs.165000 for Fakhre Malakand, Rs. 115000 for Basmati 385, Rs.110000 for JP5,Rs.104000 for Sara Saila and Rs.93000 for Mardanai. The Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was higher for varietyFakhre Malakand having value of 3.24 and least for variety Mardanai with a value of 1.39. The varieties Basmati385, JP5 and Sara Saila presented a close value of Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) with respect to each other viz. 1.95,1.82 and 1.67 respectively. On the basis of BCR values Fakhre Malakand found to have more commercialbenefits to the farming community of the area than the other cultivated varieties.Keywords: Cost benefit ratio, Rice varietie

Analysis of Awareness Level of Agricultural Insurance among the Stakeholders in Punjab

The flagship program Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana was launched on 13th January 2016 that aims to improve the productivity and earnings of farmers and Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) aims to mitigate the hardship of the insured farmers against the likelihood of financial loss on account of anticipated crop loss resulting from adverse weather conditions which was restructured and launched by GOI in March, 2016. Both the schemes PMFBY & MWBCIS have not been implemented in the state of Punjab but there have been wide publicity of both the schemes at district level camps organised by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). Keeping in view this study analyses the awareness level of these two schemes were among the three stakeholders viz; scientists, extensionists and farmers. Majority of the scientists aware about of the features of PMFBY& WBCIS like coverage of crop, risk coverage whereas less aware about the post-harvest coverage losses. Only 37 percent of scientists were aware about the insurance unit to be village panchayat where as 28 percent of scientists were aware that the sum insured in same for loanee and non loanee farmers and similar trend of awareness was also found for the extensionists. Almost more than half of the progressive farmers were aware regarding the various aspects of PMFBY. There is a need to make the famers aware about crop/weather insurance through awareness programme. Insurance education can be incorporated into various training programmes organized on risk management

Agronomic Performance of Some Promising Sunflower Hybrids grown under Agro-climatic Conditions of Malakand Division

Studies were carried out on various local sunflower hybrids at Agriculture Research Institute Mingora, Swat to find out the most suitable and high yielding hybrids for its successful cultivation throughout Malakand division. Based on yield and yield components data, it was concluded that hybrids C341/R344 and C300/R368 are high yielding hybrids in this area. It is therefore suggested that these hybrids may be recommended for commercial cultivation in Malakand division

Masa Simpan Bumbu Rendang Dengan Metode Pengemasan Berbeda

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Andalas, Padang, dari bulan Desember 2014-April 2015. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lama masa simpan produk bumbu rendang dengan 2 jenis kemasan dan metode pengemasan vakum dan non vakum untuk mengetahui mutu kimia, mikrobiologi dan organoleptik bumbu rendang serta selama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial 2x2 dengan 3 kali ulangan. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan ANNOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s new multiple range test (DNMRT) pada taraf 5%. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah A1B1 (kemasan alumunium foil dengan metode pengemasan vakum), A1B2 (kemasan alumunium foil dengan metode pengemasan non vakum), A2B1(Kemasan plastik PP dengan metode pengemasan vakum), dan A2B2 (Kemasan plastik PP dengan metode pengemasan non vakum). Produk terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan A1B1 (kemasan alumunium foil dengan metode pengemasan vakum), dengan data sebagai berikut kadar air 62,64%, TBA 4,12 malonaldehid/kg, total asam 1,20%, pH 5,01, asam lemak bebas 0,29%, organoleptik meliputi warna 29, aroma 32, dan angka lempeng total 8,0 x 10-4cfu/g

Do share allocations to the indigenous investor drive the demand for IPOS?

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of allocating shares to the indigenous (Bumiputera) investors on the oversubscription ratio of IPO. This factor is unique to Malaysian IPOs and would enable us to reflect the signaling theory. Data on 348 IPO firms listed on Bursa Malaysia over a span of 17 years from 2002 to 2018 were examined using a cross-sectional regression analysis. The findings demonstrated no significant impact arising from the fractions of shares allocated to Bumiputera investors on the oversubscription ratios, except that the revised guidelines on the Bumiputera equity requirement had a significant negative influence on oversubscription. Further tests showed that the influence of such share allocation on oversubscription was moderated by firm size, which was proxied by market capitalization. The findings lend support to the signaling theory, indicating that the demand for IPOs will be slightly higher for larger firms listed in bigger markets

The Frequency of Otogenic Intracranial Complications in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma

Objectives:1. To determine the frequency of otogenic intracranial complications in chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma.2. To discuss the diagnosis and management of patients presenting with otogenic intracranial complications.Study Design: It was a prospective, descriptive and cross – sectional study using convenience sampling technique.Materials and Methods: This was a combined study conducted in the ENT Department of Postgraduate Medical Institute, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar and the ENT Department of Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan over a period of 3 years from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009. Cases presenting with chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma were studied and the frequency of otogenic intracranial complications occurring in these cases was calculated.Results: A total of 85 cases were studied. The ages of the patients ranged from 8 to 40 years. All the patients had chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma. The commonest complaint in cases with suspected intra-cranial complications was deep seated earache followed by persistent headache. Meningitis and extradural abscesses were the commonest intracranial complications. The frequency of intracranial complications in our study was found to be 11.76%.Conclusion: Otogenic intracranial complications due to cholesteatoma continue to pose a significant risk to the patients. High index of suspicion is essential for diagnosis and skilful management of otogenic intracranial comp-lications. Early recognition is possible and these cases should be managed in close collaboration with a neuro-surgeon

Uniform Exponential Stability of Discrete Evolution Families on Space of p

We prove that the discrete system ζn+1=Anζn is uniformly exponentially stable if and only if the unique solution of the Cauchy problem ζn+1=Anζn+eiθn+1zn+1,  n∈Z+, ζ0=0, is bounded for any real number θ and any p-periodic sequence z(n) with z(0)=0. Here, An is a sequence of bounded linear operators on Banach space X

Prevalence and Genotypic Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus in Peshawar KPK, Pakistan

This present study was planned to obtain an up-to-date picture of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its genotypes distribution in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, as well as of the relationship between HCV genotypes and demographic and clinical parameters, and the risk factors in patients with an HCV subtype. Samples (blood) from 1978 individuals were collected and were tested using a strip-based method called the immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the existence of antibodies against HCV. It was observed that 158 of the 1978 individuals (7.9%) harbored antibodies in their blood against HCV, among which the female percentage (53.2%) was higher than that of the male (46.8%). Among the different age groups, the highest number of incidences of HCV antibodies was found in the age group of 31–40 years (26.6%). ICT positive samples were further screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the existence of active HCV-RNA, and it was found that 6.21% (123) of the total population (1978) tested, was positive, among which the female rate (56.91%) was observed to be higher than that of the male (43.09%). The highest incidence recorded was in the age group of 41–50 years (33.3%). HCV RNA positive individuals were genotyped: genotype 3a (45.5%) was dominant among the other detected genotypes, followed by 1a (11.4%), 3b (4.9%), and 2a (4.1%). It was concluded that the highest prevalence of HCV was found in females, and that the dominant genotype of the screened individuals was 3a genotype