Syngas production via bi-reforming of methane over fibrous KCC-1 stabilized ni catalyst

Bi-reforming of methane (BRM) technology has the potential to serve as an alternative energy source while also mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. However, the main hurdle in the commercialization of BRM is catalyst deactivation. In this study, the ultrasonic-assisted impregnation method was utilized to prepare a Ni-based catalyst supported on fibrous KCC-1 and tested in the BRM process. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, FESEM and TPR-H2 techniques to determine the textural and morphological properties of the catalyst. The catalytic performance was tested in a tabular fixed-bed continuous reactor at 800 °C with a stoichiometric feed ratio of 3:2:1 for CH4: H2O: CO2. For high nickel loadings, it was discovered that agglomerates of the Ni-active phase form on the surface of the support. The catalysts with a 10 wt% Ni content produced the best CO2 (79.2%) and CH4 (82.1%) conversions, as well as an optimum H2/CO = 1.62 ratio

Effects of Swirl Bubble Injection on Mass Transfer and Hydrodynamics for Bubbly Flow Reactors: A Concept Paper

Bubble flow reactors (BFR) are commonly used for various industrial processes in the field of oil and gas production, pharmaceutical industries, biochemical and environmental engineering etc. The operation and performance of these reactors rely heavily on a range of hydrodynamic parameters; prominent among them are geometric configurations including gas injection geometry, operating conditions, mass transfer etc. A huge body of literature is available to describe the optimum design and performance of bubbly flow reactors with conventional bubble injection. Attempts were made to modify gas injection for improved efficiency of BFR's. However, here instead of modifying the geometry of the gas injection, an attempt has been made to generate swirl bubbles for gaining larger mass transfer between gas and liquid. Here an exceptionally well thought strategies have been used in our numerical simulations towards the design of swirl injection mechanism, whose paramount aspect is to inhibit the rotary liquid motion but facilitates the swirl movement for bubbles in nearly stationary liquid. Our comprehension here is that the swirl motion can strongly affect the performance of bubbly reactor by identifying the changes in hydrodynamic parameters as compared to the conventional bubbly flows. In order to achieve this bubbly flow, an experimental setup has been designed as well as computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code was used with to highlight a provision of swirl bubble injection by rotating the sparger plate

Dry reforming of methane over Ni/KCC-1 catalyst for syngas production

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a trendy topic of investigation as a means of reducing global warming. However, the adoption of DRM for a commercial purpose is still a question due to the deactivation and sintering of catalysts. The performance of the 5Ni/KCC-1 catalyst by using the ultrasonic-assisted impregnation method was examined in this study. The micro-emulsion method and ultrasonic-assisted impregnation method were used to prepare KCC- 1 support and 5Ni/KCC-1 catalyst respectively. The catalyst was characterized by N2 adsorptiondesorption and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. FESEM morphology shows that KCC-1 support experienced a well-defined fibrous morphology in a uniform microsphere which can promote high catalytic activity. The results show that the catalyst has optimum performance with higher reactant conversions and H2/CO ratio when operated at 850oC in a tubular furnace reactor as compared to 750oC

Development of Novel Liquid Momentum Dissipation System in Swirl Bubbly Flow Column

The operation and performance of Bubble Column Reactors (BCR) rely heavily on gas injection geometry and its operation since all other hydrodynamic parameters such as gas void fraction, bubble properties, mass transfer, liquid velocity and so on depend on the gas injection. In this study, the bubbly flow rig has been designed and fabricated to find out the optimum design for bubble injection mechanism delivering swirl bubble motion in gas liquid flows. Different configurations of open channels have been designed for momentum dissipation to inhibit the rotary liquid motion and to facilitate the swirl movement for bubbles in the stationary liquid. The swirl motion can have a stronger effect on the hydrodynamics and the performance of bubbly reactors than the conventional bubbly flow. In this study a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique has been applied on single as well as two phases for a system with water and air as the working fluids, sucessfully

Simulation of Natural Gas Treatment for Acid Gas Removal Using the Ternary Blend of MDEA, AEEA, and NMP

Natural gas (NG) requires treatment to eliminate sulphur compounds and acid gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S), to ensure that it meets the sale and transportation specifications. Depending on the region the gas is obtained from, the concentrations of acid gases could reach up to 90%. Different technologies are available to capture CO2 and H2S from NG and absorb them with chemical or physical solvents; occasionally, a mixture of physical and chemical solvents is employed to achieve the desired results. Nonetheless, chemical absorption is the most reliable and utilised technology worldwide. Unfortunately, the high energy demand for solvent regeneration in stripping columns presents an obstacle. Consequently, the present study proposes a novel, ternary-hybrid mixture of N-methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), amino ethyl ethanol amine (AEEA), and N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to overcome the issue and reduce the reboiler duty. The study employed high levels of CO2 (45%) and H2S (1%) as the base case, while the simulation was performed with the Aspen HYSYS® V12.1 software to evaluate different parameters that affect the reboiler duty in the acid gas removal unit (AGRU). The simulation was first validated, and the parameters recorded errors below 5%. As the temperature increased from 35 °C to 70 °C, the molar flow of the CO2 and H2S in sweet gas also rose. Nevertheless, the pressure demonstrated an opposite trend, where elevating the pressure from 1000 kPa to 8000 kPa diminished the molar flow of acid gases in the sweet gas. Furthermore, a lower flow rate was required to achieve the desired specification of sweet gas using a ternary-hybrid blend, due to the presence of a higher physical solvent concentration in the hybrid solvent, thus necessitating 64.2% and 76.8%, respectively, less reboiler energy than the MDEA and MDEA + AEEA

Simulation of Natural Gas Treatment for Acid Gas Removal Using the Ternary Blend of MDEA, AEEA, and NMP

Natural gas (NG) requires treatment to eliminate sulphur compounds and acid gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S), to ensure that it meets the sale and transportation specifications. Depending on the region the gas is obtained from, the concentrations of acid gases could reach up to 90%. Different technologies are available to capture CO2 and H2S from NG and absorb them with chemical or physical solvents; occasionally, a mixture of physical and chemical solvents is employed to achieve the desired results. Nonetheless, chemical absorption is the most reliable and utilised technology worldwide. Unfortunately, the high energy demand for solvent regeneration in stripping columns presents an obstacle. Consequently, the present study proposes a novel, ternary-hybrid mixture of N-methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), amino ethyl ethanol amine (AEEA), and N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to overcome the issue and reduce the reboiler duty. The study employed high levels of CO2 (45%) and H2S (1%) as the base case, while the simulation was performed with the Aspen HYSYS® V12.1 software to evaluate different parameters that affect the reboiler duty in the acid gas removal unit (AGRU). The simulation was first validated, and the parameters recorded errors below 5%. As the temperature increased from 35 °C to 70 °C, the molar flow of the CO2 and H2S in sweet gas also rose. Nevertheless, the pressure demonstrated an opposite trend, where elevating the pressure from 1000 kPa to 8000 kPa diminished the molar flow of acid gases in the sweet gas. Furthermore, a lower flow rate was required to achieve the desired specification of sweet gas using a ternary-hybrid blend, due to the presence of a higher physical solvent concentration in the hybrid solvent, thus necessitating 64.2% and 76.8%, respectively, less reboiler energy than the MDEA and MDEA + AEEA

Response surface optimization of hydrogen-rich syngas production by the catalytic valorization of greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2) over Sr-promoted Ni/SBA-15 catalyst

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) which utilizes CO2 and CH4, is a more efficient and environmentally friendly syngas production method. However, since the technique is endothermic, catalyst deactivation from sintering and carbon deposition has prevented its industrial implementation. This study investigated the effect of Strontium (Sr) promoter on Ni-based catalyst synthesized on SBA-15 support via the impregnation method. The incorporation of Sr as a promoter has demonstrated distinct advantages, primarily attributed to its remarkable capability to inhibit carbon formation. This property imparts a notable enhancement in the stability of the catalyst, thereby extending its operational lifespan and maintaining consistent catalytic performance. The physicochemical properties of the fresh catalyst were observed by using various characterization techniques such as X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, N2 physisorption analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and temperature programmed reduction using hydrogen as the probing gas (TPR-H2). The catalysts were tested in DRM reaction using a tubular fixed bed reactor at 800 °C with an equimolar feed ratio. Overall, 1% Sr promoted Ni/SBA-15 showed enhanced performance having CO2 and CH4 initial conversions of 88.5% and 96.5%, respectively while remaining stable for 320 min on stream. Furthermore, the predicted optimal condition was 713.73 °C and a feed gas ratio (CH4:CO2) of 1.12, with CO2 and CH4 conversion rates of 69.59% and 84.83%, respectively, resulting in an H2:CO ratio of 1.00. Slight differences from the predicted values were considered insignificant, validating the Srb catalyst at a 95% confidence level with a 5% likelihood of error in the RSM model

Effects of Swirl Bubble Injection on Mass Transfer and Hydrodynamics for Bubbly Flow Reactors: A Concept Paper

Bubble flow reactors (BFR) are commonly used for various industrial processes in the field of oil and gas production, pharmaceutical industries, biochemical and environmental engineering etc. The operation and performance of these reactors rely heavily on a range of hydrodynamic parameters; prominent among them are geometric configurations including gas injection geometry, operating conditions, mass transfer etc. A huge body of literature is available to describe the optimum design and performance of bubbly flow reactors with conventional bubble injection. Attempts were made to modify gas injection for improved efficiency of BFR’s. However, here instead of modifying the geometry of the gas injection, an attempt has been made to generate swirl bubbles for gaining larger mass transfer between gas and liquid. Here an exceptionally well thought strategies have been used in our numerical simulations towards the design of swirl injection mechanism, whose paramount aspect is to inhibit the rotary liquid motion but facilitates the swirl movement for bubbles in nearly stationary liquid. Our comprehension here is that the swirl motion can strongly affect the performance of bubbly reactor by identifying the changes in hydrodynamic parameters as compared to the conventional bubbly flows. In order to achieve this bubbly flow, an experimental setup has been designed as well as computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code was used with to highlight a provision of swirl bubble injection by rotating the sparger plate

Effects of Swirl Bubble Injection on Mass Transfer and Hydrodynamics for Bubbly Flow Reactors: A Concept Paper

Bubble flow reactors (BFR) are commonly used for various industrial processes in the field of oil and gas production, pharmaceutical industries, biochemical and environmental engineering etc. The operation and performance of these reactors rely heavily on a range of hydrodynamic parameters; prominent among them are geometric configurations including gas injection geometry, operating conditions, mass transfer etc. A huge body of literature is available to describe the optimum design and performance of bubbly flow reactors with conventional bubble injection. Attempts were made to modify gas injection for improved efficiency of BFR’s. However, here instead of modifying the geometry of the gas injection, an attempt has been made to generate swirl bubbles for gaining larger mass transfer between gas and liquid. Here an exceptionally well thought strategies have been used in our numerical simulations towards the design of swirl injection mechanism, whose paramount aspect is to inhibit the rotary liquid motion but facilitates the swirl movement for bubbles in nearly stationary liquid. Our comprehension here is that the swirl motion can strongly affect the performance of bubbly reactor by identifying the changes in hydrodynamic parameters as compared to the conventional bubbly flows. In order to achieve this bubbly flow, an experimental setup has been designed as well as computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code was used with to highlight a provision of swirl bubble injection by rotating the sparger plate