Phosphorus Acquisition Strategies within Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community of a Single Field Site

Diversity in phosphorus (P) acquisition strategies was assessed among eight isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) belonging to three Glomus species, all obtained from the same field site. Maize (Zea mays L. cv. Corso) was used as a test plant. Compartmented cultivation containers coupled with 33P radioisotope labeling of soil P were employed to estimate (1) the distance from the roots that AMF were able to acquire soil P from, (2) the rate of soil colonization, (3) the efficiency of uptake of soil P by AMF, (4) benefits provided to maize in terms of P acquisition and growth. Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices took up P 10cm from roots, whereas G. claroideum only up to 6cm from the roots. G. mosseae most rapidly colonized the available soil volume and transported significant amounts of P to maize from a distance, but provided no net P uptake benefit to the plants. On the other hand, both G. intraradices and three out of four G. claroideum isolates significantly improved net P uptake by maize. These effects seem to be related to variability between and to a limited extent also within AMF species, in mycelium development, efficiency of hyphal P uptake and effects on plant P acquisition via the root pathway. In spite of absence of maize growth responses to inoculation with any of the AMF isolates, this study indicates remarkable functional diversity in the underground component of the studied field sit

The evolution of the commercialization of Knowledge with New Approach of Referenced Publication Years Spectroscopy (RPYS)

The purpose of this study was to identify the most important historical works written in the field of commercialization of knowledge using Referenced Publication Years Spectroscopy (RPYS). Initial data were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database to investigate the historical roots of published works in the field of commercialization of knowledge. Then, the main roots of this filed, the amount of received citations, and influential works were identified using RPYS software. Next, with the help of the yearcr software, the extent of the effects of the works outside of the range of peaks were also introduced. The period under investigation is the publication in the years 1900-2015. by searching published works in the time period of 1900-2015, 1550 records related to commercialization of knowledge were retrieved. To exactly investigate the effects of this field, the timeframe was divided into five periods (four 25-year periods and one 15-year period) to allow peaks with a small number of citations in the early years. The total number of citations up to the time of the present research was 39817, which resulted in the emergence of five peaks in the years 1934, 1962, 1973, 1998, and 2003

The Scientific Information Exchange General Model at Digital Library Context: Internet of Things

Introduction: This paper aims to develop a Scientific Information Exchange General Model at Digital Library in Context of Internet of things, which would enable automated and efficient library services. To accomplish its objective, the main classes (Concepts), sub-classes, attributes are identified in order to introduce an appropriate model. Methodology: The approach of this study is basic, exploratory, and developmental and is run through a mixed method consisting of documentary, Delphi, and data modeling methods. The study population in the documentary section includes the study of information resources retrieved in related subjects. The study population in the Delphi section is consist of 15 experts in “Internet of Things” and “digital library” domains. The Data gathering procedure is by applying a semi-structured interview. Appropriate software is applied for the analysis. Results: The findings showed that the 9 main classes of “End user”, “librarian”, “Microcomputer”, “Digital library server”, “Automated information services”, “Physical resources”, “Virtual resources”, “Information resources on the digital library server (virtual object)”, and “Security” in general model of scientific information exchange are very contributive. In general, 27 sub-classes and 38 attributes are identified for the main classes for this purpose. In this model, how the classes communicate and interact with one another is illustrated to justify this theme. Conclusion: Here it is deduced that focusing on data protection at two levels of user and server in the main class of security is very important. Focusing on information resources metadata in the entity class, and device to device communication in this model is of essence as well. This proposed model is contributive in information networking in Internet of things-based library systems in providing better services to users. Research value: This model has potential in offering a basic proposal as a startup for automated library services

The Scientific Information Exchange General Model at Digital Library Context: Internet of Things

Introduction: This paper aims to develop a Scientific Information Exchange General Model at Digital Library in Context of Internet of things, which would enable automated and efficient library services. To accomplish its objective, the main classes (Concepts), sub-classes, attributes are identified in order to introduce an appropriate model. Methodology: The approach of this study is basic, exploratory, and developmental and is run through a mixed method consisting of documentary, Delphi, and data modeling methods. The study population in the documentary section includes the study of information resources retrieved in related subjects. The study population in the Delphi section is consist of 15 experts in “Internet of Things” and “digital library” domains. The Data gathering procedure is by applying a semi-structured interview. Appropriate software is applied for the analysis. Results: The findings showed that the 9 main classes of “End user”, “librarian”, “Microcomputer”, “Digital library server”, “Automated information services”, “Physical resources”, “Virtual resources”, “Information resources on the digital library server (virtual object)”, and “Security” in general model of scientific information exchange are very contributive. In general, 27 sub-classes and 38 attributes are identified for the main classes for this purpose. In this model, how the classes communicate and interact with one another is illustrated to justify this theme. Conclusion: Here it is deduced that focusing on data protection at two levels of user and server in the main class of security is very important. Focusing on information resources metadata in the entity class, and device to device communication in this model is of essence as well. This proposed model is contributive in information networking in Internet of things-based library systems in providing better services to users. Research value: This model has potential in offering a basic proposal as a startup for automated library services

A Bibliometric Analysis of Health Cloud Scientific\u27s Productions

Introduction: Cloud computing is an innovative paradigm meeting the user\u27s demand for accessing a shared source comprising adjustable computational sources, such as servers and applied programs. An increase in the costs of information technology, emerging problems with updating software and hardware, and expanded storage volume, make it possible to utilize cloud-based health information cases. Organizations have focused on cloud platform-based services as a new opportunity to develop the software industry for healthcare. The aim of the research is to conduct a bibliometric study of the scientific productions on health cloud . Methodology: The present study, applied in nature, was conducted using a bibliometric and scientometric method. It was conducted in 2018 using PubMed and key portmanteaus over the period 2009-2018. Subjected to the application of input and output standards, 491 research papers were selected for analysis. Findings: The findings revealed that the production of health cloud-focused papers over a decade, excluding those in 2017, had an upward trend. The US, India, and China were the most productive in this respect. Having presented 5 papers on cloud computing, Costa, Lee, Malamateniou, Stoicu-Tivadar, Vassilacopoulos, writers, were most productive. The greatest co-occurrence was that of the words Internet, electronic health records, computer security, information storage and retrieval, algorithms, confidentiality, female, male, delivery of health care, computer communication networks, medical informatics, mobile applications, data mining, and health information exchang. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate the leading status of the USA in health cloud publications. In view of the recognition received for using cloud computing, the trend of the papers in the base was upward in nature. On analysis of the co-occurrence of words, the largest cluster was that of cloud computing with 6 items focused on: The Internet of Things (IoT), Electronic health record, healthcare, and e-health in one cluster, indicating the continuity of the issues

Finite element approach and mathematical formulation of viscoelastic auxetic honeycomb structures for impact mitigation

Auxetic structures are designed to be used for producing auxetic materials with controllable mechanical properties. The present study treats a design of viscoelastic auxetic honeycomb structures using numerical approach and mathematical formulation for impact mitigation. In order to increase the energy absorption capacity, viscoelastic material has been added into auxetic structure as it has capability to dissipate energy under impact loading. Kelvin-Voigt and Maxwell models were employed to model viscoelastic components. The auxetic structure was then subjected to impact load with linear and nonlinear load functions. Dynamic analysis was carried out on a star honeycomb structure using continuum mechanics. Influence of different parameters on response function was then further studied. The primary outcome of this research is the development of viscoelastic auxetic honeycomb structural design for predicting the impact resistance under impact loading

Green Synthesized Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Reinforce Osteogenesis Properties of Bacterial Cellulose Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications: An In Vitro Assessment

Objective: The use of biocompatible scaffolds with appropriate characteristics to treat large bone defects has attractedsignificant attention. The main objective of the current study is to fabricate a 3D nanocomposite structure that containsgreen synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) and bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibres, as a bioscaffoldfor bone regeneration.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Camellia sinensis extract was used as the green method tosynthesize MgONPs. The synthesized hydrogels were evaluated for their porosity, morphology, degradation rate,mechanical features, cell attachment, and cytocompatibility. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alkalinephosphatase (ALP) activity, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and alizarin redstaining.Results: MgONPs significantly increased both mechanical strength (P=0.009) and porosity (P=0.01) of the BChydrogels. Human MG-63 osteoblast proliferation significantly increased in the MgONP-BC group compared to thepure BC group (P=0.003). Expression rates of both the ALP (P=0.001) and osteocalcin (OCN) genes were significantlyenhanced in cells seeded on the MgONP-incorporated BC. MG-63 cells had significantly greater calcium depositionand ALP activity (P=0.002) on the MgONP-BC scaffold compared to the BC at day 21.Conclusion: The MgONP-BC scaffold can promote the osteogenic activity of osteoblast-like cells, which indicates itstherapeutic potential for bone tissue regeneration

Identification of Effective Factors on the Use of Query Suggestions through Fuzzy Delphi Method

Purpose: Query suggestions are contributive in formulating queries and improving search results on the Web. This tool is used in most search and retrieval systems like the search engines, databases, personal search tools and so on. The factors affecting the use of query suggestions by the users from the perspective of experts are identified. Methodology: First, a number of factors are identified through the documentary methodology, and next the significance of each factor is determined through the fuzzy Delphi method here. Findings: A total of 48 factor is extracted from the available literature view and is classified into 13 categories of demographic characteristics, search experience, domain knowledge and expertise, linguistic features, user\u27s query, creativity creation, psychological and cognitional, source of creation of query suggestions, contextual factors, semantic features of query suggestions, structural characteristics of query suggestions, increasing the user\u27s performance and ease of use. To assess the importance of these factors eight factors are eliminated and 40 factors are identified as the final factors affecting the use of query suggestions through Fuzzy Delphi method. Research limitations/implications:The results of this research can be used to present a structural-interpretation model in which the most important factor is identified through the view of the experts. Originality/Value: The results obtained in this study will assist researchers and designers of search tools to apply the knowledge gained from effective factors in providing algorithms for query suggestions in their search tools. The factors extracted in this study are fundamental and basic which researchers can use when examining the performance and status of the query suggestion of each search tool