Comparison analysis of stream cipher algorithms for digital communication

The broadcast nature of radio communication such as in the HF (High Frequency) spectrum exposes the transmitted information to unauthorized third parties. Confidentiality is ensured by employing cipher system. For bulk transmission of data, stream ciphers are ideal choices over block ciphers due to faster implementation speed and not introducing error propagation. The stream cipher algorithms evaluated are based on the linear feedback shift register (LFSR) with nonlinear combining function. By using a common key length and worst case conditions, the strength of several stream cipher algorithms are evaluated using statistical tests, correlation attack, linear complexity profile and nonstandard test. The best algorithm is the one that exceeds all of the tests

Smart street lighting system

A c, light pole, lamppost, street lamp, light standard or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or path. Street lighting provides a number of important benefits. It can be used to promote security in urban areas and to increase the quality of life by artificially extending the hours in which it is light so that activity can take place. Street lighting also improves safety for drivers, riders, and pedestrians..

The Role Mediation of Export And Foreign Debt in Influences Exchanges Rate on Foreign Exchange Reserves: Evidence from Indonesian

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the role of export and foreign debt mediation in the effect of exchange rate on foreign exchange reserves. And test and analyze the effect of exchange rate on exports, foreign debt and foreign exchange reserves and the effect of exports and foreign debt on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesian in 1999-2015. The type of research data is secondary data sourced from Bank Indonesian and Central Bureau of Statistics. Data analysis with path analysis using AMOS 18.0.The results of the analysis and discussion concluded that in the period of 1999-2015, export and foreign debt play a role mediate the effect of exchange rate on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. The significance test results conclude that the effect mediation of export and foreign debt is significant on foreign exchange reserves. Other results conclude that exchange rate has significant effect on export, foreign debt and foreign exchange reserves. Export and foreign debt have a significant effect on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesian

The effect of thermal to the diameter of Nd : YAG crystal during growth process

The Nd:YAG crystal grown in a pure argon atmosphere using Czochralski method with ADC (Automatic Diameter Control) r.f. heating is reported.The conditions required to grow Nd:YAG single crystals are described. The pull rate was 0.75 mm/h with a seed rotation of 15 rpm. All runs were made with growth along the c-axis direction

Gene silencing in cancer cells using siRNA : genetic and functional studies

Sequence-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes can be used for gene silencing in mammalian cells and as mechanistic probes for determining gene function. Transfection of siRNA for specificity protein 1 (Sp1) in MCF-7 or ZR-75 cells decreased Sp1 protein in nuclear extracts, and immunohistochemical analysis showed that Sp1 protein in transfected MCF-7 cells was barely detectable. Decreased Sp1 protein in MCF-7 was accompanied by a decrease in basal and estrogen-induced transactivation and cell cycle progression. These results clearly demonstrate the key role of Sp1 protein in regulating growth and gene expression of breast cancer cells. The aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor. siRNA for the AhR decreased TCDD-induced CYP1A1 protein, CYP1A1dependent activity, and luciferase activity in cells transfected with an Ah-responsive construct. 17β-Estradiol (E2) induces proliferation of MCF-7 cells, and this response is inhibited in cells cotreated with E2 plus TCDD. The effects of TCDD on E2-induced cell cycle progression were partially blocked in MCF-7 cells transfected with siRNA for AhR. The decrease in AhR protein in MCF-7 cells was also accompanied by increased G0/G1 → S phase progression. Surprisingly, TCDD alone induced G0/G1 → S phase progression and exhibited estrogenic activity in MCF-7 cells transfected with siRNA for the AhR. In contrast, degradation of the AhR in HepG2 liver cancer cells resulted in decreased G0/G1 → S phase progression, and this was accompanied by decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cdk2 and cdk4. In the absence of ligand, the AhR exhibits growth inhibitory (MCF-7) and growth promoting (HepG2) activity that is cell context-dependent. Sp family proteins play a complex role in regulation of pancreatic cancer cells growth and expression of genes required for growth, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 cooperatively activate VEGF promoter constructs in these cells; however, only Sp3 regulates cell proliferation. siRNA for Sp3 inhibits phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein, blocks G0/G1 → S phase progression of Panc-1 cells, and upregulates p27 protein/promoter activity. Thus, Sp3 plays a critical role in angiogenesis (VEGF upregulation) and the proliferation of Panc-1 cells by a novel mechanism of Sp3-dependent suppression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27

Eksistensi Badan Permusyawaratan Desa Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Desa Di Desa Mekarjaya Perspektif Musyawarah Dalam Islam

The Village Consultative Body (BPD) has the right to submit proposals for draft village regulations. For this reason, the role of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) is needed in formulating the regulations established with the Village Head. There are indications that the Village Consultative Body has not carried out its duties and authorities to the fullest. This study used qualitative methods, while the data were obtained by means of observation and interviews, and supported by secondary data. The results showed that the Village Consultative Body (BPD) in Mekarjaya Village had carried out its main tasks and functions, namely establishing Village Regulations with the Village Head, accommodating and channeling community aspirations properly. This is evidenced by the ability of the co-chairs of the Mekarjaya BPD members who not only accommodate and channel aspirations, but the BPD also realizes these aspirations in the form of Village Regulations although not all aspirations are made into Village Regulations.Keywords: BPD Existence; Formation; Village Regulation AbstrakBadan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) berhak mengajukan usulan rancangan peraturan desa. Untuk itu diperlukan peran Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) dalam merumuskan peraturan-peraturan yang ditetapkan bersama Kepala Desa. Ada indikasi bahwa Badan Permusyawaratan Desa belum menjalankan tugas dan wewenangnya secara maksimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, sedang data diperoleh dengan cara observasi dan wawancara, serta ditunjang oleh data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) di Desa Mekarjaya  telah melaksanakan tugas pokok dan fungsinya yaitu menetapkan Peraturan Desa bersama Kepala Desa, menampung dan menyalurkan aspirasi masyarakat dengan baik. Hal ini terbukti dengan kemampuan ketua bersama anggota BPD Mekarjaya yang tidak hanya menampung dan menyalurkan aspirasi saja, namun BPD juga merealisasikan aspirasi tersebut dalam bentuk Peraturan Desa walaupun tidak semua aspirasi tersebut dijadikan Peraturan Desa.Kata Kunci : Eksistensi BPD; Pembentukan; Peraturan Des

Development Of Nanofiber-Coated Cabin Air Filter For Enhancing Filtration Performance

Ldays, the quality ofvehicle's cabin air has become one of the health concerns a lffiers. Typical air filters used in an air conditioning system of a vehicle are m:1fiber materials such as fiberglass and polymeric materials. Nanofibers have a tial to be used as high efficient filter materials due to their nanoscale diameters facturers claim that filters made of nanofibers can trap dusts or particles with % efficiency. However, there is limited information available on the effectiven ospun nanofiber filter media in filtering submicron particulates. Therefore, this ned at developing and studying the performance of nanofiber-coated filtering submicron particles. The filters were incorporated with electrospun ny ibers at 1 Ok V of applied voltage and 10 em spinning distance. The coated filten lced at varying collection times ranging from 1 to 10 minutes. The filter sample~ I using a dedicated test rig to simulate an actual air conditioning system. Parti :r (PM) measurement technique was used in measuring air particle concentnt across the filter. The morphology of the nanofiber coated filters was an on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs. It was observed thospun nanofibers have diameters ranging from 1 04 nm to 11 7 nm. The nano:i filters showed a significant improvement of around 33% in efficiency who spinning collection time was 10 minutes compared to control samples. The revealed that a longer electrospinning collection time produced a thicker la~ibers producing filters with higher filtration efficiency for capturing fine partirs

Removal of Hardness Using Ground Water Treatment Plant Sludge

One of the undesirable characteristics of some water sources is hardness, that can cause many problems including scaling and excessive soap consumption. Therefore several treatment processes have been introduced to remove or reduce the hardness from hard waters. One of the new innovations in this regard is using Ground Water Treatment Plant Sludge by precipitation. Hardness can be removed from hard waters by precipitation of calcium and magnesium. In the cement factory at Tasek, Ipoh, hard water is mostly found in the water recycling treatment where is the source of water is from pond, surrounded by limestone hills. A treatment process which is using Ground Water Treatment Plant Sludge (GWTPS) was conducted in replicate to observe the changes in parameters such as total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness and pH with varying dosages of GWTPS. A GWTPS dosage range of 500 - 5000 mg!L was chosen for the experiments. Results indicated that the removal of calcium can be achieved to 96% with the dosage of 5000 mg/L by precepitation at pH 9. For instance, GWTPS is not feasible to remove magnesium hardness. Since only calcium is successfuly removed, the total hardness is still in the high range. By comparing to the result of jar test, the soda-ash dosage of 5 ml (5000 mg!L concentration) is the optimum dosage to precipitates CaC03 and Mg(OH)2 at pH 13 and 12 respectively. The removal of calcium and magnesium by chemical precipitation in jar test is about 69% and 90% respectivel

IR sensor for line following robot

Generally, in a line following robot as shown in Figure 1.1, IR sensor is used for the robot to detect the line either white or black. The line can either be black on a white surface and white on a black surface. The sensors are installed at the bottom of a front part of the robot. Multiple IR sensors are needed in order to get a more accurate output. The IR sensors come with pair that is a receiver and also a transmitter, we called it Tx and Rexford this application, the transmitter and the receiver is placed near to each other to make it easier to detect the line. When the IR sensor is supplied with certain voltage, the transmitter will transmit the infrared ray. Receiver will receive it. It is usually use to detect an object and also to detect a line on a surface