The Quality of Saudi Graduates and the Needs of Saudi Labor Market

Education is one of the basic requirements in all human societies, so the view of these communities on a continuous basis development to maintain the standards and to fulfill the educational requirements to suit the needs of the present and future data. This urgent need for educational development create a large burden to the community, so the aim of this study is to identify the gap between the graduates and the market's need to narrow the gap between the outputs of public universities in Saudi Arabia and the needs of the market. The research is based on the theoretical literature through the presentation of some suggestions as well as some field studies conducted in this area. The researcher concluded with some recommendations that may contribute to the development of university education in general, and to meet the requirements of the market. Key words: Quality of Graduate, requirements of the marke

Foreign Language Teaching and Translation

As the world steadily becomes the global village, many learning institutions have embraced foreign language teaching as part of their syllabus. The major policy shifts and changes in foreign policies of many highly-developed countries have also broadened the scope of foreign language teaching and acquisition across different cultures. The research paper explores the aspect of culture on teaching English language as a foreign language. Specifically, the treatise reviews the missing factors, strategies for teaching foreign language, technological impacts, effective ways of teaching foreign language, and development of foreign language and translation. In the conclusion segment, the paper presents the general overview of foreign language and translation and how they directly and positively impact on an individual’s writing skills besides improving on vocabulary. Keywords: Foreign language, Translation, Technology, Culture, and Effectivenes

To What Extent Culture Awareness is Important in Improving the Writing Composition at English Department Students in College of Science and Humanities in Ghaat at Majmaah University?

This study sought to explore extent to which culture awareness is important in improving the writing composition at English department in College  of Science and humanities in Ghaat  at Majmaah University. The sample was drawn from 2 different groups taking containing 15 students. The study reveals that a culture of reading is very important for effective composition writing as posttest data indicated improvement in performance as compared to the pretest data. Against the backdrop of these findings, the researcher recommends that curriculum developers and implementers should lay more emphasis on reading culture. The study was however comprised of limited sample drawn of English departments in College , thus may not be representative of student’s experiences across the universities. Key Words: culture awareness, culturally responsive teaching, English composition writin

Best sum-throughput evaluation of cooperative downlink transmission nonorthogonal multiple access system

In cooperative simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) downlink situations, the current research investigates the total throughput of users in center and edge of cell. We focus on creating ways to solve these problems because the fair transmission rate of users located in cell edge and outage performance are significant hurdles at NOMA schemes. To enhance the functionality of cell-edge users, we examine a two-user NOMA scheme whereby the cell-center user functions as a SWIPT relay using power splitting (PS) with a multiple-input single-output. We calculated the probability of an outage for both center and edge cell users, using closed-form approximation formulas and evaluate the system efficacy. The usability of cell edge users is maximized by downlink transmission NOMA (CDT-NOMA) employing a SWIPT relay that employs PS. The suggested approach calculates the ideal value of the PS coefficient to optimize the sum throughput. Compared to the noncooperative and single-input single-output NOMA systems, the best SWIPT-NOMA system provides the cell-edge user with a significant throughput gain. Applying SWIPT-based relaying transmission has no impact on the framework’s overall throughput

Seronegative and occult Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukemia

Background: Around the world, Hepatitis C (HCV) is the primary cause of liver disease. HCV infection in absence of a positive HCV test (Occult hepatitis C) is a significant clinical and epidemiological issue, although the pathogenic mechanisms behind this illness are not well comprehended.Objective: This study aimed at investigation of seronegative and occult hepatitis C virus among patient with acute and chronic myeloid leukemia. Patients and methods: 85 leukemic patients were studied in the current cross-sectional trial. In accordance with the kind of myeloid leukaemia (ML), patients were divided into 72 patients with acute ML (AML group) and 13 patients with chronic ML (CML group). And according to the presence of occult HCV infections, they were divided into 12 patients (14.1%) with negative serum HCV Abs and positive serum HCV RNA (seronegative), while the other 73 (85.9%) were free of HCV RNA in their bloodstreams. Results: Patients with occult HCV infections had significantly higher monocytic count and significantly lower platelet count. Also, they had significantly lower total plasma protein and serum creatinine levels compared to those in the seronegative group. Patients with CML had either normal platelet count or even thrombocytosis, while those with AML showed thrombocytopenia with a statistical significant difference. Patients with AML had significantly higher AST.Conclusions: Seronegative and occult HCV are significant clinical problems in leukemic patients and needed to be more and more evaluated

New microplanktonic biostratigraphy and depositional sequences across the Middle-Late Eocene and Oligocene boundaries in eastern Jordan

The first detailed calcareous nannofossil and planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphic and integrated lithofacies analyses of the Eocene–Oligocene transition at the Qa’ Faydat ad Dahikiya area in the Eastern Desert of Jordan, on the border with Saudi Arabia, is presented. Three calcareous nannofossil zones namely: Discoaster saipanensis (NP17), Chiasmolithus oamaruensis (NP18) and Ericsonia subdisticha (NP21), and three planktonic foraminiferal zones: upper part of Truncorotaloides rohri (E13), Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta (E14) and Cassigerinella chipolensis/ Pseudohastigerina micra (O1) are identified. Calcareous nannofossil bioevents recorded in the present study show numerous discrepancies with the Standard biostratigraphic zonal schemes to detect the Middle/Upper Eocene boundary (e.g. the highest occurrences (HOs) of Chiasmolithus solitus, C. grandis, and lowest occurrences (LOs) of C. oamaruensis, Isthmolithus recurvus are not considered reliable markers for global correlation). The Middle/Upper Eocene boundary occurs in the current study above the extinctions of large muricate planktonic foraminifera (large Acarinina and Truncorotaloides spp.) which coincide within the equivalent calcareous nannofossil NP18 Zone. These microplanktonic bioevents seem to constitute more reliable markers for the base of the Upper Eocene in different provinces. The uppermost portion of the Middle Eocene is characterized by an observed drop in faunal content and, most likely, primarily denotes the effect of the major fall in eustatic sea level. A major unconformity (disconformity) marked by a mineralized hardground representing a lowstand is recorded in the present study at the Eocene–Oligocene transition that reveals an unexpected ca. 2.1 Myr duration, separating Eocene (NP18/E14 zones) from Oligocene (NP21/O1 zones). Furthermore, the microfossil turnover associated with a rapid decline of the microfossil assemblages shows a distinct drop in diversity and abundance towards the Eocene/Oligocene unconformity and is associated with a sharp lithological break marked, at the base, by a mineralized hardground representing a major sequence boundary. These bioevents, depositional sequences and the depositional hiatus correlate well with different parts of the Arabian and African plates, but the magnitude of the faunal break differs from place to place as a result of intraplate deformation during the regional Oligocene regression of Neo-Tethys on the northern Arabian Plate. The presence of the Lower Oligocene shallow-marine calcareous planktonic assemblages in the study area indicate that communication between the eastern and western provinces of the western Neo-Tethys region still existed at this time

Determination Of Energy Gap Of The Iron-Based Oxypnictide And Laofege Superconductors Using Specific Heat Capacity

The most prominent indicators of superconductivity are the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) and the superconducting energy gap (Δ). These indicators associated with electronic state of temperature dependence of resistivity and specific heat measurements, respectively. The specific heat is a bulk measurement that reflects the behavior of the entire sample response. Here, we introduce a model that examines the transition characteristic to a normal/superconducting state at a critical temperature of the electron and phonon contributions of specific heat. Three basic postulates were adopted. First is that the transition of the system from normal to superconducting state, which allows phonons to bind electrons to form Cooper pairs, requiring a change in energy differences appearing in a specific heat behavior. Second, specific heat has different contributions, changing differently at Tc. This change is possibly a result of the physical function on such contributions. The third postulate is that phonon behavior can manifest superconductive property, particularly in the coexisting state. Based on the suggested superconducting transition model, which was constructed depending on the superconductive behavior of specific heat in accordance with above postulates, energy scales were obtained at normal state for iron-based oxypnictides. The pseudogap 2Δ was 14.26 meV for the SmO0.80F0.20FeAs compound, which was determined from the far-infrared reflectance spectra based on the phonon state at room temperature

Integrated microfossil biostratigraphy, facies distribution, and depositional sequences of the upper Turonian to Campanian succession in northeast Egypt and Jordan

Six upper Turonian to Campanian sections in Egypt (Sinai) and Jordan were studied for their microfossil biostratigraphy (calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifera), facies distribution and sequence stratigraphic frameworks. Carbonate (mostly chalk) and chert lithofacies dominate the basinward northern sections passing laterally and vertically to mixed carbonate/siliciclastic lithofacies towards the shoreline in the southeast. Twenty-six lithofacies types have been identified and grouped into six lithofacies associations: littoral siliciclastic facies belt; peritidal carbonate; intertidal carbonate platform/ramp; high-energy ooidal shoals and shelly biostromes; shallow subtidal; and pelagic facies association. The following calcareous nannofossil biozones were recognized: Luianorhabdus malefomis (CC12) (late Turonian), Micula staurophora (CC14) (early Coniacian), Reinhardtites anthophorus (CC15) (late Coniacian), Lucianorhabdus cayeuxii (CC16) (early Santonian) and Broinsonia parca parca (CC18) (Campanian). Equivalent planktonic foraminifera zones recognized are: Dicarinella concavata (Coniacian), the lower most part of Dicarinella asymetrica (earliest Santonian) and Globotruncanita elevata (early Campanian). The integrated zonation presented here is considered to provide higher resolution than the use of either group alone. The absence of calcareous nannofossil biozones CC13 and CC17 in most of the studied sections, associated with regional vertical lithofacies changes, indicates that recognition of the Turonian/Coniacian and Santonian/Campanian stage boundary intervals in the region have been hampered by depositional hiatuses at major sequence boundaries resulting in incomplete sections. These disconformities are attributed to eustatic sea-level fluctuations and regional tectonics resulting from flexuring of the Syrian Arc fold belt. The Coniacian to Santonian succession can be divided into three third-order depositional sequences, which are bounded by four widely recognized sequence boundaries

ANTECEDENTS FACTORS AFFECTING CYBERBULLYING RISKS: A STUDY IN JORDANIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Purpose of the study: In this study, the primary aim is to identify the effects of self-efficacy and cyber bullying knowledge on cyber bullying risks among Jordanian students. Methodology: The population of the study specifically comprised of Jordanian students in Irbid students, with the study sample being 153 students. Accordingly, a questionnaire was developed and disseminated among the students to gather data for the achievement of the study objectives. The study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study also employed AMOS 23.0 and SPSS 25.0 software in SEM. Main Findings: self-efficacy and cyber bullying knowledge factors do have significant effects on cyber bullying risks. Applications of this study: This research can be used for academic purposes for universities, lecturers of education and management, researchers and undergraduate and postgraduate students. Novelty/Originality of this study: The phenomenon that existed in cyber bullying and referring from various previous research results, the study regarding the cyber bullying was conducted and presented comprehensively and completely. It is necessary examine the effect of self-efficacy and cyber bullying knowledge factors on cyber bullying risks

A Jurassic (Bathonian-Callovian) Daghanirhynchia Brachiopod Fauna from Jordan

A Jurassic (Bathonian-Callovian) brachiopod fauna from Jordan consists of seven rhynchonellid species all belonging to the genus Daghanirhynchia of which two are new: Daghanirhynchia rawyaensis and D. jordanica. Emended diagnoses are given for Daghanirhynchia daghaniensis and D. macfadyeni. Additional taxa described include Daghanirhynchia angulocostata, D. susanae and D. triangulata. Threedimensional reconstructions illustrate the internal morphology of the articulated shells for the first time in this genus. The material studied herein was collected from Wadi Zarqa in northwestern Jordan, almost due north of the Dead Sea, and to the east of the Rift Valley. Most species seem to be geographically restricted within the Jurassic Ethiopian Province, however specimens from Somalia and Ethiopia are larger in size than in other parts of the Province and shell size increases in stratigraphically younger specimens. The occurrence of Daghanirhynchia in India is the only appearance of the genus outside the Ethiopian Province