Echoviruses are a major cause of aseptic meningitis in infants and young children in Kuwait

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The etiologic agents of aseptic meningitis (AM) often include human enteroviruses. The role of enteroviruses causing AM in young children was investigated during a 3-year period in Kuwait.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Enteroviral RNA was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by reverse transcription-PCR and specific genotypes of enteroviruses were identified by direct DNA sequencing of VP4-VP2 region. Enteroviral RNA was detected in 92 of 387 (24%) suspected AM cases and the results were confirmed by hybridization of amplicons with an internal, enterovirus-specific probe. The CSF samples from 75 of 281 (27%) children < 2 years old but only from 3 of 38 (8%) 4-12 year-old children were positive for enteroviral RNA (<it>p </it>= 0.011). Majority of infections in children < 2 years old (49 of 75, 65%) were due to three echoviruses; echovirus type 9 (E9), E11 and E30. Only three other enteroviruses, namely coxsackievirus type B4, coxsackievirus type B5 and enterovirus 71 were detected among AM cases in Kuwait.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our data show that three types of echoviruses (E9, E11 and E30) are associated with the majority of AM cases in Kuwait. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to characterize different enterovirus genotypes associated with AM in the Arabian Gulf region.</p

Policies and model of urban residential developments for low and middle income sectors in Bangladesh.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. Thesis. 1972. M.Arch.A.S.MICROFICHE COPY ALSO AVAILABLE IN ROTCH LIBRARY.Includes bibliographical references.M.Arch.A.S

ANALISIS QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS) JARINGAN INTERNET BERBASIS FIBER TO THE HOME (Studi kasus : PT. MEDIA SOLUSI NETWORK)

ABSTRAK Quality of Service (QoS) adalah metode pengukuran kondisi jaringan dan upaya untuk mendefinisikan karakteristik dan atribut layanan. QoS digunakan untuk mengukur sekumpulan atribut kinerja yang telah dispesifikasikan dan diasosiasikan dengan suatu servis terkait. Analisis jaringan dengan menggunakan QoS (Quality of Service) terutama mampu memberikan delay dan throughput yang baik untuk analisis jaringan, aspek ini biasanya digunakan untuk analisis jaringan. Sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian pengukuran Quality of Service (QoS) jaringan internet di PT Media Solusi Network menggunakan standar TIPHON dan ITU-T G.1010 parameter yang digunakan adalah Delay dan packetloss. Menggunakan metode observasi lapangan secara langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Quality of Service jaringan internet dan menghasilkan sebuah informasi yang nantinya akan diberikan ke pihak ISP PT Media Solusi Network untuk dijadikan acuan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Hasil perbandingan pada pelanggan h kokon untuk parameter delay mendapat kategori Sangat Bagus di pagi, siang dan sore hari pada pengukuran ping google.com dan detik.com. Untuk parameter packetloss mendapat kategori Jelek pada pengukuran google.com dan pada pengukuran detik.com mendapatkan kategori Bagus di sore hari. Dan untuk pengukuran ping google.com mendapatkan kategori Sedang, pada pengukuran ping detik.com mendapat kategori TIPHON Bagus dan ITU-T Sangat Bagus di pagi hari. Untuk pengukuran ping google.com mendapat kategori TIPHON Bagus dan ITU-T Sangat Bagus, pada pengukuran ping detik.com mendapatkan kategori Sangat Bagus.Hasil perbandingan pada pelanggan tuti untuk parameter delay mendapatkan kategori Sangat Bagus pada pengukuran ping google.com dan detik.com di pagi, siang dan sore hari. Untuk parameter packetloss mendapatkan kategori Sangat Bagus pada pengukuran ping google.com dan detik.com di pagi, siang dan sore hari.Hasil perbandingan pada pelanggan encu samsudin untuk parameter delay mendapatkan kategori Sangat Bagus pada pengukuran ping google.com dan detik.com di pagi, siang dan sore hari. Untuk parameter packetloss mendapatkan kategori Bagus pada pengukuran ping google.com dan Sangat Bagus pada pengukuran ping detik.com di sore hari. Dan mendapatkan kategori Sangat Bagus pada pengukuran ping goole.com dan detik.com di pagi dan siang hari. Kata kunci : QOS, TIPHON, Jaringan FTTH, delay, packetlos

Loading of anticancer drug anastrozole using Fe3O4@SiO2

Anastrozole is a prescription drug that is used to treat hormone-dependent breast cancer, mostly in women who have gone through menopause. Once a day, it is taken by mouth. Anastrozole stops the activity of an enzyme called aromatase, which changes androgens into oestrogens. But taking the drug often comes with side effects that depend on how much you take, such as tiredness, diarrhea, hot flashes, nausea, headaches, muscle and joint pain, and so on. Anastrozole has also been linked to other side effects and more bone loss. To overcome the side effects of anastrozole and for their efficient delivery anastrozole must be loaded on the surfaces which is biocompatible and stable towards human body. So, the co-precipitation method was used to make iron oxide nanoparticles, which were then covered with silica using the Stober method. The made Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposite was taken out as a black powder and studied using FTIR, EDX, and SEM. The SEM picture showed that the Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles size ranges were between 30 and 45 nm and 55 to 70 nm respectively. We also looked at how contact time, pH, and the amount of nanocomposite affected the loading of the drug. The best adsorption (85.6%) happened when the reaction lasted 12 h, the pH was 4, and the adsorbent dose was 10 mg

The emergence of scholarly literature on physical/social distancing related to Coronavirus: A bibliometric analysis

Background: The world is witnessing new public health crises due to the emergence of the novel coronavirus. This study aims to present a bibliometric analysis of research on coronavirus-related physical/social distancing.Design and Methods: In this study, a bibliometric analysis was applied to see the research productivity and its impact on coronavirus-related physical/social distancing. For this purpose, Scopus was used to retrieve the data for the analysis. A total of 2900 records was downloaded from the database for analysis.Results: The findings revealed that the top four authors published their research in the year 2020. The study ranked the British Medical Journal (BMJ) at the top position on publishing the research on the topic. Similarly, the USA took the lead in all countries in producing research on the topic. The researchers preferred the document type ‘Article’ for sharing their research, and a single authorship pattern was dominated on all other patterns.Conclusion: Plenty of bibliometric studies are available on coronavirus, but not a single study is found on coronavirus-related physical/social distancing. This study will be valuable in identifying different bibliometric dimensions on the topic

Substitution of Atriplex amnicola Leaves for Trifolium alexandarinum Hay Ration in Stall-Fed Teddy Goats

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to examine the influence of partial replacement of conventional forages with saltbushes (Atriplex amnicola) leaves on Teddy goat performance. A basal feed comprising of 60% wheat straw and 40% Egyptian clover hay was substituted with a 50% fixed level of A. amnicola leaves hay. Data obtained for a 30 days of feeding trial showed a non-significant change in dry matter intake, organic matter intake, digestibility coefficients for crude protein, crude fiber and weight variation in response to substituted feed. However, there was more water intake, weight gain, and high digestibility of dry matter or organic matter in saltbush leave substituted feed group. It was noted that animals used more water when they are maintained on saltbush mixed rations. It was concluded that A. amnicola leaves could be used for the partial substitution of conventional forages to support livestock population maintained on saline affected lands

Citrus By-Products: Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds for Food Applications

This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Compounds Recovered from Food Wastes.ReviewCitrus production produces about 15 million tons of by-products/waste worldwide every year. Due to their high content of bioactive compounds, several extraction techniques can be applied to obtain extracts rich in valuable compounds and further application into food applications. Distillation and solvent extraction continues to be the most used and applied extraction techniques, followed by newer techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction and pulsed electric field extraction. Although the composition of these extracts and essential oils directly depends on the edaphoclimatic conditions to which the fruit/plant was exposed, the main active compounds are D-limonene, carotenoids, and carbohydrates. Pectin, one of the most abundant carbohydrates present in Citrus peels, can be used as a biodegradable polymer to develop new food packaging, and the extracted bioactive compounds can be easily added directly or indirectly to foods to increase their shelf-life. One of the applications is their incorporation in active food packaging for microbiological and/or oxidation inhibition, prolonging foods’ shelf-life and, consequently, contributing to reducing food spoilage. This review highlights some of the most used and effective extraction techniques and the application of the obtained essential oils and extracts directly or indirectly (through active packaging) to foods.This paper was carried out under the VIPACFood project, funded by ARIMNet2 (Coordina tion of Agricultural Research in the Mediterranean; 2014–2017), an ERA-NET Action financed by the European Union under the Seventh Framework Programme, and by the Programa de Cooperación Interreg V-A España–Portugal (POCTEP) 2014–2020 (project 0377_IBERPHENOL_6_E). Mariana A. Andrade is grateful for her research grant (SFRH/BD/138730/2018) funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). Cássia H. Barbosa is grateful for her research grant in the frame of the VIPACFood project (ARIMNET2/0003/2016) and the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal for the Ph.D. Grant 2021.08154.BD. This work was financially supported by the Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center—MEtRICs, which is financed by national funds from the FCT/MCTES (UIDB/50006/2020, UIDB/04077/2020 and UIDP/04077/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Multi-labeled Random-forest Enabled Softwarized Management for Photonics Switching Systems

Modern optical networks demand more layer-bylayer flexibility compared to conventional networks. Softwaredefined Networking (SDN) may give the required degrees of freedom, but this requires the implementation of optical SDN down to the physical layer. This down to the physical layer implementation of SDN will provide the full abstraction of network components and functionality and thus enable their full control by a centralized controller. This paper provides a topologically and technologically agnostic data-driven abstracting of any N×N optical switching system for the calculation of Quality of transmission (QoT) penalties using a direct Machine learning (ML) design and the definition of its control states using an inverse ML design. The photonic design and simulation suite is used to generate a synthetic dataset for the simulated switching architecture. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique can define the control states of elementary switching units and QoT penalty with a good level of accuracy and minimize the complexity

Out Come of Surgical Management of Tethered Cord Syndrome

Objective: To determine neurological outcome after surgical management of tethered cord syndrome. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the department of Neurosurgery, Lahore General Hospital Lahore. Over a period of Three Years From 2012 to 2014. Study Comprised of Fifty Patients after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The mean age of the patients was 36 ± 10 Years There were 30 (60.0%) male and 20 (40.0%) female patients. There was improvement in neurological status. The distribution of improvement in neurological status, revealed 35 (70.0%) patients had improvement in back pain, 18 (36.0%) improved motor function and 17 (34.0%) improved urinary incontinence. Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that back pain, motor function and urinary incontinence improve postoperatively in the majority of patients. The rate of symptomatic improvement was greatest for back pain, followed by motor, and then urinary improvement. Abbreviations: TCS: Tethered Cord Syndrome. ATCS: Adult Tethered Cord Syndrome