The Impact of Labor Regulations on Jobs and Wages in India: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

In this paper we examine the impact of India's labor regulations on employment and wages through the lens of the apparel and textiles industry, India’s largest manufacturing employer. In addition to exploiting cross-state variation in labor regulations, we take advantage of the 2005 abolition of quota restrictions on developing countries’ exports of apparel and textiles products to the developed world and use this as a natural experiment to identify the effects of labor regulations. Employing a difference-in-difference strategy, we find economically and statistically significant gains in post-2005 employment and wage in the apparel and textiles industry in states that maintained more flexible labor regulations as compared to states with inflexible regulations. These gains are either absent or muted in the case of labor intensive industries other than apparel and textiles

Prevalence of tuberculosis in silicosis patients in southern part of Rajasthan

Background: Silicosis is an occupational lung disease which commonly occurs in workers involved in quarrying, mining, sandblasting etc. Tuberculosis (TB) in silicosis is more common. In southern part of Rajasthan, near Udaipur a lot of mining areas are there and workers are exposed to silica dust. The main objective of carrying out this study is to bring in focus the increasing prevalence of silicosis patients and its complications in mining areas around Udaipur in southern Rajasthan, so that the necessary prophylactic and preventive measures can be taken for the workers in future.Methods: 150 patients of silicosis and old treated case of silicotuberculosis patient with respiratory symptoms were included in the study. In all the patients, sputum was sent for routine acid fast bacilli (AFB) smear examination and if it came negative then sputum was sent for GeneXpert multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MTB) and also for AFB culture examination wherever needed.Results: The mean duration of exposure to silica particles was 10 years (5 to 15 years). Tuberculosis was diagnosed by microbiological examination in 40 cases, while 25 cases which were previously treated for tuberculosis were found negative on microbiological examination. So, the overall prevalence of TB (both old treated and new or relapse microbiologically confirmed cases) among patients of silicosis was found to be 44%.Conclusions: Our study showed an increased prevalence of tuberculosis in silicosis patients. So, there should be regular health check up educational programme for all silica mines workers and all should use prophylactic measures.

The Natural History of Coiled Cerebral Aneurysms Stratified by Modified Raymond-Roy Occlusion Classification

Objective The natural history and long-term durability of Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) embolization is still unknown. We hypothesize a stepwise decrease in durability of embolized cerebral aneurysms as stratified by the Modified Raymond-Roy Classification (MRRC). Methods First-time GDC-embolized cerebral aneurysms were retrospectively reviewed from 2004 to 2015. Loss of durability (LOD) was defined by change in aneurysm size or patency seen on serial radiographic follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate embolization durability. Multivariate Cox regression modeling was used to assess baseline aneurysm and patient characteristics for their effect on LOD. Results A total of 427 patients with 443 aneurysms met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 89 (21%) aneurysms met LOD criteria. Grade 1 aneurysms had statistically significantly greater durability than did all other MRRC grades. Grade 3b aneurysms had significantly worse durability than did all other aneurysm grades. There was no difference in durability between grade 2 and 3a aneurysms. Of aneurysms with LOD, 26 (29%) experienced worsening of MRRC grade. Thirty-five (24%) initial MRRC grade 2, 72 (45%) initial MRRC grade 3a, and 6 (22%) initial MRRC grade 3b aneurysms progressed to MRRC grade 1 without retreatment. In our multivariate analysis, only initial MRRC grade was statistically significantly associated with treatment durability (P < 0.001). Conclusions MRRC grade is independently associated with first-time GDC-embolized cerebral aneurysm durability. Achieving MRRC grade 1 occlusion outcome is significantly associated with greater long-term GDC durability. Although few aneurysms experience further growth and/or recanalization, most incompletely obliterated aneurysms tend to remain stable over time or even progress to occlusion. Grading scales such as the MRRC are useful for characterizing aneurysm occlusion but may lack sensitivity and specificity for characterizing changes in aneurysm morphology over time

Short-term effectiveness of trunk and bimanual hand training on upper limb motor recovery and function in stroke patients

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of motor impairment in adults and the elderly, necessitating appropriate therapies that might aid upper-limb rehabilitation. Upper-limb rehabilitation is difficult limiting the anticipatory core action using trunk-restraints could be an important factor to consider during Physiotherapy for stroke&nbsp;individuals with upper-arm disability. Different approaches, such as the use of exergames in motor rehabilitation and balance, are being used because they work as motivators, making therapy more enjoyable. Aim: To assess the effects of trunk-restraint reach-to-grasp therapy on trunk arm control following a stroke. The goal of this research was to see how trunk and bimanual hand training affected patients' balance and upper-limb motor function following a stroke. Method: In this work, an experimental design was employed on a randomised control group of 62 stroke patients selected by simple randomization. The research was carried out from September 2020, to august 2021. The Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FMUE) Scale, Modified Ashworth Scale, and the interviewing questionnaire were all employed in this investigation. Results: For the study and control groups, most of the groups that were examined (95.0 percent and 90.0 percent, respectively) had an ischemic stroke

A study of alcohol dehydrogenase

The thermostability of pure yeast alcohol dehydrogenase has been investigated at various temperatures (50–70 °C) in the presence and absence of sucrose [0, 44.44%(w/w)] by both activity assay and differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal inactivation exhibited non-linear biphasic behavior. The thermal inactivation rate constants and the magnitude of the heat-stable and heat-labile fractions of the enzyme were quantified. The values of the denaturation temperature (Td) were experimentally measured by differential scanning calorimetry. A Td of 63 °C was obtained for the pure alcohol dehydrogenase in the absence of sucrose. Addition of 44.44%(w/w) sucrose yielded a higher denaturation temperature (70 °C). It was found that although activity assay and calorimetry are based on different principles (kinetic in the former case as opposed to thermodynamic in the latter), they yield results that agree well with each other. These results are discussed in the light of both series and parallel enzyme inactivation model