Architecture and Design of Medical Processor Units for Medical Networks

This paper introduces analogical and deductive methodologies for the design medical processor units (MPUs). From the study of evolution of numerous earlier processors, we derive the basis for the architecture of MPUs. These specialized processors perform unique medical functions encoded as medical operational codes (mopcs). From a pragmatic perspective, MPUs function very close to CPUs. Both processors have unique operation codes that command the hardware to perform a distinct chain of subprocesses upon operands and generate a specific result unique to the opcode and the operand(s). In medical environments, MPU decodes the mopcs and executes a series of medical sub-processes and sends out secondary commands to the medical machine. Whereas operands in a typical computer system are numerical and logical entities, the operands in medical machine are objects such as such as patients, blood samples, tissues, operating rooms, medical staff, medical bills, patient payments, etc. We follow the functional overlap between the two processes and evolve the design of medical computer systems and networks.Comment: 17 page

Observation of chaotic beats in a driven memristive Chua's circuit

In this paper, a time varying resistive circuit realising the action of an active three segment piecewise linear flux controlled memristor is proposed. Using this as the nonlinearity, a driven Chua's circuit is implemented. The phenomenon of chaotic beats in this circuit is observed for a suitable choice of parameters. The memristor acts as a chaotically time varying resistor (CTVR), switching between a less conductive OFF state and a more conductive ON state. This chaotic switching is governed by the dynamics of the driven Chua's circuit of which the memristor is an integral part. The occurrence of beats is essentially due to the interaction of the memristor aided self oscillations of the circuit and the external driving sinusoidal forcing. Upon slight tuning/detuning of the frequencies of the memristor switching and that of the external force, constructive and destructive interferences occur leading to revivals and collapses in amplitudes of the circuit variables, which we refer as chaotic beats. Numerical simulations and Multisim modelling as well as statistical analyses have been carried out to observe as well as to understand and verify the mechanism leading to chaotic beats.Comment: 30 pages, 16 figures; Submitted to IJB

Study of Bacterial and Fungal profile in Bronchoalveolar Lavage from Chronic Respiratory Diseases patients attending a tertiary care centre in Thanjavur and Molecular characterisation for the commonest organism isolated

OBJECTIVE: Chronic respiratory diseases are a major public health problem in India as well as worldwide. Pulmonary infections are attributed as the most cause of exacerbations in this group of diseases. Broncho alveolar lavage as a diagnostic technique has improved the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing pulmonary infections. Institutional antibiogram plays as vital tool for antimicrobial resistance detection and monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospectively BAL fluid for Chronic respiratory diseases cases was analyzed for bacterial and fungal isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done for bacterial isolates. Molecular characterization was done for the commonest isolated organism. RESULTS: From 100 BAL samples processed for culture of bacterial and fungal, 35 samples showed positive growth. Out of which 25 were bacterial isolates and 10 were fungal isolates. Kelbsiella pneumoniae 20% was the commonest bacterial pathogen. Candida albicans 14% was the commonest fungus isolated. High antimicrobial resistant was noted in Acinetobacter baumanii. Gram negative bacterias exhibited more antimicrobial resistance than Gram positive organisms. 100% sensitivity was observed to lineolid and vancomycin. Pulmonary infections was more prevalent in COPD among chronic respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION: Bronchoalveolar lavage an invasive quantitative diagnostic procedures as has increased the sensitivity and specificity of pulmonary infection diagnosis. Gram negative bacterias are emerging as primary pathogens and exhibits high antibiotic resistance. Every health set up needs an updated antibiogram based on bacterial patterns and antibiotic resistant pattern for the judicious use of antibiotics

Is financial inclusion good for bank stability? International evidence

Financial inclusion has become an important public policy priority following the recent global financial crisis. Yet, we know very little of how it impacts soundness of the providers of financial services. Using an international sample of 2600 banks in 86 countries over the period 2004–12, we find that higher level of financial inclusion contributes to greater bank stability. The positive association is particularly pronounced with those banks that have higher customer deposit funding share and lower marginal costs of providing banking services; and also with those that operate in countries with stronger institutional quality. The results are robust to instrumental variables analysis, controlling for bank fixed effects, alternative measures of financial inclusion, among several other robustness tests. Our results highlight that the importance of ensuring inclusive financial system is not only a development goal but also an issue that should be prioritised by banks, as such a policy drive is good for their stability