Construction of an Escherichia coli expression vector for the non-structural (NS)-1 protein of avian influenza virus H5N1

In the search for universal vaccine candidates for the prevention of avian influenza, the non-structural (NS)-1 protein 1 of avian influenza virus (AIV) H5N1 has shown promising potential for its ability to effectively stimulate the host immunity. This study was aimed to produce a bacterial expression plasmid using pRSET B vector to harbour the NS1 gene of AIV H5N1 (A/Chicken/Malaysia/5858/2004 (H5N1)) for protein expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The NS1 gene (687 bp) was initially amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then cloned into a pGEM-T Easy TA vector. The NS1 gene was released from pGEM-T-NS1 using EcoRI and XhoI restriction enzymes (RE). The pRSET B vector was also linearized using the same RE. The digested NS1 gene and linearized pRSET B were ligated using T4 DNA ligase to form the expression plasmid, pRSET B-NS1. The NS1 gene sequence in pRSET B-NS1 was confirmed by DNA sequencing. To prepare recombinant bacterial cells for protein expression in the future, pRSET B-NS1 was transformed into E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) by heat-shock. Colonies bearing the recombinant plasmid were screened using PCR. The DNA sequencing analysis revealed that the NS1 gene sequence was 97% homologous to that of AIV H5N1 A/Chicken/Malaysia/5858/2004 (H5N1). These results indicated that the NS1 gene of influenza A/Chicken/Malaysia/5858/2004 (H5N1) was successfully amplified and cloned into a pRSET B vector. Bacterial colonies carrying pRSET B-NS1 can be used for the synthesis of NS1-based influenza vaccine in the future and thereby aid in the prevention of avian influenza

Correlation between HPV Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Incidence in Southeast Asian Population

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease of genital tract that may cause cervical cancer, the second most frequent type of cancer in South East Asia. By far, HPV vaccination is widely used for risk reduction; however, the rate of developing cervical cancer post-vaccination is still not well-studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between HPV vaccination and development of cervical cancer in Southeast Asia. Analysis of data on HPV vaccination in Southeast Asia was performed, based on literature from 2010 to 2016 accessible in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Vaccination coverage rates and changes in cervical cancer incidence in particular countries were subjected to comparative analysis using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The statistical analysis showed HPV vaccination coverage and cervical cancer incidence has negative correlation but not significant (r=-0.04, p>0.05). This might due to HPV vaccination introduction is still at early stage (<10 years of implementation). In addition, 5 out of 9 countries are running the vaccination program as pilot project rather than nationwide program. Other factors may also influence the incidence of cervical cancer such as: genetics and lifestyle factor, socioeconomic status as well as having many children. Nevertheless, follow up study is needed to assess effect of HPV vaccination introduction and coverage to cervical cancer incidences in Southeast Asian countries.The author would acknowledge Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L) for funding the registration payment and support

Penyuluhan dan Workshop Obat Nyamuk Sintetis dan Alami Sebagai Tindakan Pencegahan DBD

Selama bulan Januari-Februari 2016, Jakarta Timur menduduki peringkat kedua dalam jumlah penderita DBD. Hal ini diperkirakan karena kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemberantasan sarang nyamuk dan menjaga sanitasi. Hingga saat ini, masyarakat umum menggunakan obat pengusir nyamuk untuk menghindari gigitan nyamuk. Namun penggunaan pengusir nyamuk sintetis dengan cara yang salah dan dalam jangka waktu lama dapat berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan. Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai bahaya penggunaan obat pengusir nyamuk sintetis dan pemberian solusi melalui bahan alamiah berkhasiat mengusir nyamuk. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di wilayah RW 11, Pulomas Barat, DKI Jakarta dengan melibatkan kelompok ibu PKK dan Jumantik (Jumat Bebas Jentik) dan dihadiri oleh 37 orang partisipan. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan para partisipan mengenai bahaya obat nyamuk sintetis beserta cara pembuatan obat nyamuk alami meningkat setelah penyuluhan. Data mengenai tingkat penggunaan obat pengusir nyamuk di daerah warga juga berhasil diperoleh. Para partisipan dilatih membuat lotion pengusir nyamuk dari bahan alami diakhir kegiatan. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi aktif dalam menurunkan angka kejadian penyakit DBD dengan memanfaatkan bahan-bahan alami yang terjangkau dan mudah diperoleh

Distribusi Jenis Batu Ginjal pada Penderita Urolithiasis serta Hubungannya dengan Jenis Kelamin dan Usia

Insiden urolitiasis di Jakarta meningkat setiap tahun dari 2016 - 2019, namun distribusi komposisi batu pada penderita urolithiasis serta hubungan distribusi komposisi batu ginjal dengan jenis kelamin dan usia belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik komposisi batu ginjal dan hubungan batu ginjal dengan jenis kelamin dan usia. Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Biokimia dan Biologi Molekuler Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia menggunakan 160 sampel data hasil laboratorium analisis komposisi batu ginjal. Data dianalisis dengan SPPS tipe 20, setelah itu dilakukan uji chi square untuk mengetahui hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan usia terhadap komposisi batu ginjal. Uji Mann Whitney dilakukan pada data yang tidak memenuhi syarat untuk uji chisquare. Batu ginjal terbanyak terdapot pada laki &ndash; laki dibandingkan perempuan dengan perbandingan (3:1) dan batu ginjal terbanyak pada kelompok usia 45 &ndash; 64 tahun (49,4%). Komposisi jenis batu ginjal terbanyak adalah campuran kalsium, oksalat, karbonat, amonia. Terdapat hubungan komposisi batu ginjal dengan jenis kelamin (p&lt;0,05) untuk komposisi kalsium, amonia dan magnesium. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara usia terhadap komposisi batu ginjal. Disimpulkan komposisi batu ginjal terbanyak adalah oksalat. Terdapat hubungan antara komposisi batu ginjal dengan jenis kelamin namun tidak berhubungan dengan usia.&nbsp;Distribution of Kidney Stones Type in Urolithiasis Patients: Association with Gender and AgeThe incidence of urolithiasis in Jakarta has increased every year from 2016 to 2019. However, the distribution of stone composition in urolithiasis patients and the relationship between the distribution of kidney stone composition with gender and age is unknown. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of kidney stones&rsquo; composition and the relationship of kidney stones with gender and age. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. The data were collected from the laboratory result of 160 samples of kidney stone composition analysis. Data were analyzed using SPPS ver. 20, additionally, the chi-square test was performed to determine the relationship between sex and age on kidney stones&rsquo; composition. The Mann-Whitney test was performed on data that did not meet the requirements for the Chi-square test. Most kidney stones were found in males than females (3: 1) and the most kidney stones were in the 45-64 years age group (49.4%). Most types of kidney stones are a mixture of calcium, oxalate, carbonate, ammonia. There was a relationship between the composition of kidney stones and gender (p &lt;0.05) for the composition of calcium, ammonia, and magnesium. There is no relationship between age and the composition of kidney stones. It is concluded that the composition of most kidney stones is oxalate. There is a relationship between the composition of kidney stones and gender. However, there is no relationship between the composition of kidney stones and age

Distribusi Jenis Batu Ginjal pada Penderita Urolithiasis Serta Hubungannya dengan Jenis Kelamin dan Usia

Insiden urolitiasis di Jakarta meningkat setiap tahun dari 2016 - 2019, namun distribusi komposisi batu pada penderita urolithiasis serta hubungan distribusi komposisi batu ginjal dengan jenis kelamin dan usia belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik komposisi batu ginjal dan hubungan batu ginjal dengan jenis kelamin dan usia. Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Biokimia dan Biologi Molekuler Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia menggunakan 160 sampel data hasil laboratorium analisis komposisi batu ginjal. Data dianalisis dengan SPPS tipe 20, setelah itu dilakukan uji chi square untuk mengetahui hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan usia terhadap komposisi batu ginjal. Uji Mann Whitney dilakukan pada data yang tidak memenuhi syarat untuk uji chisquare. Batu ginjal terbanyak terdapot pada laki &ndash; laki dibandingkan perempuan dengan perbandingan (3:1) dan batu ginjal terbanyak pada kelompok usia 45 &ndash; 64 tahun (49,4%). Komposisi jenis batu ginjal terbanyak adalah campuran kalsium, oksalat, karbonat, amonia. Terdapat hubungan komposisi batu ginjal dengan jenis kelamin (p&lt;0,05) untuk komposisi kalsium, amonia dan magnesium. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara usia terhadap komposisi batu ginjal. Disimpulkan komposisi batu ginjal terbanyak adalah oksalat. Terdapat hubungan antara komposisi batu ginjal dengan jenis kelamin namun tidak berhubungan dengan usia.&nbsp;Distribution of Kidney Stones Type in Urolithiasis Patients: Association with Gender and AgeThe incidence of urolithiasis in Jakarta has increased every year from 2016 to 2019. However, the distribution of stone composition in urolithiasis patients and the relationship between the distribution of kidney stone composition with gender and age is unknown. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of kidney stones&rsquo; composition and the relationship of kidney stones with gender and age. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. The data were collected from the laboratory result of 160 samples of kidney stone composition analysis. Data were analyzed using SPPS ver. 20, additionally, the chi-square test was performed to determine the relationship between sex and age on kidney stones&rsquo; composition. The Mann-Whitney test was performed on data that did not meet the requirements for the Chi-square test. Most kidney stones were found in males than females (3: 1) and the most kidney stones were in the 45-64 years age group (49.4%). Most types of kidney stones are a mixture of calcium, oxalate, carbonate, ammonia. There was a relationship between the composition of kidney stones and gender (p &lt;0.05) for the composition of calcium, ammonia, and magnesium. There is no relationship between age and the composition of kidney stones. It is concluded that the composition of most kidney stones is oxalate. There is a relationship between the composition of kidney stones and gender. However, there is no relationship between the composition of kidney stones and age