PENGARUH OLAHRAGA PERNAFASAN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KADAR BETA ENDORPHIN, INTERLEUKIN-2, INTERLEUKIN-4, INTERLEUKIN-6, IMUNOGLOBULIN G, dan HORMON KORTISOL (Sebuah Kajian Imunologi Pada Aktivitas Fisik)

The purpose of the research to expressing the changing of immunity at breathing exercise. This research represent of experimental. Device used “randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Population is student M A Mu'Alimin Yogyakarta. sample at every group 15 people. As unit analyse in this research taken away from blood cubiti vena. At this research which specified as variable depended as follows: rate of IL 6, IL 4, IL 2, cortisol, Beta Endorphin, and IgG. Training program conducted during 7 week, 3x /week, submaximal intensity, 6 set/session. This program executed on evening. Inspection laboratory of variable use ELISA method. The data analysis with descriptive statistic and inferensial with computerize SPSS for windows. Then statistical multivariat analysis and discriminant analysis. The result showed that sample characteristic data after normality test got p>0,05 normal, and homogeneous (p>0,05). Result of the moderator variable (tables 5.2) included in normal span. Dependent variable, after normality test got p>0,05, normal, and lavene’s test got p>0,05, homogeneous. Result of manova got p: 0,000, its meaning there are difference between group (Wilk Lambda, p<0,05). At discriminant matric structure can be explained the correlation between free variable and discriminant function formed that seen beta endorphin (0.501) its more strong relation with of discriminant function, followed by interleukin 6 (0.367). while other have less meaning. Discriminator variable representing function contribution every discriminator to modulation immunity emerging is beta endorphin, interleukin 6 and interleukin 4. Thereby hence beta endorphin have strongest contribution to increase immunity compared to the other variable. Conclusion: On the fact result, descriptive research which reported by Suparto, (2001), that breathing exercise can increase physical fitness and impenetrability of proven body manifestly. Breathing exercise increase beta endorphin, immunoglobulin G and Interleukin 6, while interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 do not happened increase. Cortisol nor happened degradation meaning, but at treatment and also control group there are indicate degradation of rate cortisol. Immunity Modulation which cause breathing exercise stressor got by 3 group owning strong contribution on the basis concept of psychoneuroimmunologic. Breathing exercise represent stimuli at path of limbic-hipothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (LHPA) generating immunomodulator process on the basis of physiobiologic paradigm which psychoneuroimmunologic concept. Keyword: breathing exercise, immunity, modulation FIK, 2007 (PEND. KEPELATIHAN

Feasibility Of One–Dedicated–Lane Bus Rapid Transit ⁄Light–Rail Systems And Their Expansion To Two–Dedicated–Lane Systems: A Focus On Geometric Configuration And Performance Planning, MTI Report 08-01

This report consists primarily of two parts, the first on feasibility and the next on space minimization. In the section on feasibility, we propose the concept of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) or light–rail system that effectively requires only one dedicated but reversible lane throughout the system to support two-way traffic in the median of a busy commute corridor with regular provision of left–turn lanes. Based on key ideas proposed in that section, the section on space minimization first addresses how to implement a two–dedicated–lane BRT or light–rail system with minimum right–of–way width and then proposes ways to expand a one–dedicated–lane system to two dedicated lanes. In a one–dedicated–lane system, traffic crossing is accommodated on the otherwise unused or underused median space resulting from provision of the left–turn lanes. Although not necessary, some left–turn lanes can be sacrificed for bus stops. Conceptual design options and geometric configuration sketches for the bus stop and crossing space are provided in the section on feasibility, which also discusses system performance in terms of travel speed, headway of operations, distance between two neighboring crossing spaces, and number of crossing spaces. To ensure practicality, we study implementation of such a system on an existing corridor. Such a system is also useful as an intermediate step toward a two–dedicated–lane system because of its potential for facilitating transit–oriented development. In typical existing or planned BRT or light–rail systems implemented with two dedicated traffic lanes, a space equivalent to four traffic lanes is dedicated for a bus stop. In the section on space minimization, we propose implementations requiring only three lanes at a bus stop, based on two key ideas proposed for a one–dedicated–lane system. That section also discusses ways to expand a one–dedicated–lane system to its corresponding two–dedicated–lane system

Traffic Accident Blackspot Identification and Ambulance Fastest Route Mobilization Process for the City of Surakarta

Quickly and precisely treatment in traffic accident is one way to avoid the risk of death victims. Therefore, it's necessary to determine the fastest route from the traffic accident locations to the nearest hospital. The research objective was to determine the traffic accident blackspot of Surakarta city, the referral hospitals and the ambulance fastest route using GIS program. Determination of traffic accident blackspot used three methods, that are kernel density estimation, cluster and outlier analysis. Method of determining the fastest route mobilization is network analyst tool. Determination of the fastest route mobilization based on travel time. According to an analysis, there are 15 locations of traffic accident blackspots in Surakarta city. A referral hospitals in Surakarta city are Brayat Minulya, Dr. Moewardi, Dr. Oen, Kasih Ibu, Kustati, Panti Waluyo and PKU Muhammadiyah hospital. Mobilization route of the accidents victim has an average of travel time about 4.84 minutes

Pengembangan Model Andreassen Dan Artificial Neural Networks Multi Variabel Untuk Prediksi Fatalitas Lalulintas Jalan Pada Wilayah Perkotaan Di Jawa Barat

Law Number 22 Year 2009 stated that fatality data must be completed with data from hospitals. However, the data reported by the Police of the Republic of Indonesia has not been in accordance to the law. In many countries researchers have been using population and motor vehicles numbers as variables to predict the number of fatalities. Those variables are not fit with Indonesian condition. The main purpose of this study was to develop better fatality prediction model in line with Indonesian condition. This was done by developing multivariable Andreassen and ANN models. The model was built by using population data taken from 8 cities in West Java Province. The main results from model validation test are: (1) three variables ANN with one hidden layer prediction model was the best prediction used for predicting the number of fatalities, (2) the number of fatalities was 122.8% larger than that reported by the Police, and (3) Andreassen prediction model was unfit to be used in Indonesia

Perbandingan Model Andreassen Dan Model Artificial Neural Network Untuk Prediksi Fatalitas Korban Kecelakaan Lalulintas

In ASEAN, Indonesia has largest area and population, longest road infrastructure, and largest number of motor vehicles, but road victims' fatality is low. This indicates under-reporting. Existing model of road victims' fatality is Andreassen models which use population numbers and motor vehicles numbers asvariables to prediction numbers of fatality. This study aimed to obtaining the best predictive model of road victims' fatality which suits Indonesia's conditions. Three models were compared are Andreassen model, Artificial Neural Network with two variables (ANN2) and four variables (ANN4), with driving license holderand road length as two additional variables. Model validation was performed on three cities in West Java with different categories population densities. The results reveal that ANN4 is the best fatality prediction model. In addition, predictions of road victim numbers in Indonesia are not only influenced by populationand vehicles number, but also by driving license holder numbers and road length

Trouble Shooting Sistem Injeksi Mesin Diesel Mitsubishi L300 Dan Cara Mengatasinya

Proses pembakaran pada mesin diesel dibagi menjadi 4 periode. Bahan bakar diinjeksikan pada akhir langkah kompresi, dimana sebelumnya udara sudah diisap ke dalam ruang bakar. Perubahan tekanan yang terjadi dalam proses pembakaran ini menyebabkan bahan bakar terbakar dengan sendirinya. Prosespembakaran tersebut adalah periode waktu pembakaran tertunda, periode perambatan api, periode pembakaran langsung, dan periode pembakaran lanjut.Gangguan yang sering terjadi pada sistem injeksi bahan bakar diesel memiliki beberapa indikasi, yaitu mesin tidak dapat dihidupkan, mesin dapat dihidupkan tetapi kemudian mati, engine knock, engine exhaust berasap dan knocking, engine output tidak stabil, engine output terlalu kecil, mesin tidak mencapai putaran maksimum, putaran maksimum terlalu tinggi, engine idling tidak stabil.Pemeriksaan yang harus dilakukan sebelum melakukan perbaikan terhadap gangguan yang terjadi yaitu pemeriksaan saluran bahan bakar dari kemungkinan bocor, pemeriksaan saat penginjeksian, pemeriksaan penyemprotan nozzle, pemeriksaan pada feed pump untuk mengetahui tersendat tidaknya aliran bahan bakar, pemeriksaan gerakan control rack dalam rumah pompa, pemeriksaan elemen pompa dari kemungkinan berkarat atau cacat, pemeriksaan fuel filter dari kemungkinan adanya penyumbatan dan pemeriksaan viskositas dan banyaknya minyak pelumas dalam tangki bahan bakar