Unraveling the effect of silent, intronic and missense mutations on VWF splicing: contribution of next generation sequencing in the study of mRNA

Large studies in von Willebrand disease patients, including Spanish and Portuguese registries, led to identification of >250 different mutations. It is a challenge to determine the pathogenic effect of potential splice site mutations on VWF mRNA. This study aimed to elucidate the true effects of 18 mutations on VWF mRNA processing, investigate the contribution of next-generation sequencing to in vivo mRNA study in von Willebrand disease, and compare the findings with in silico prediction. RNA extracted from patient platelets and leukocytes was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced using Sanger and next generation sequencing techniques. Eight mutations affected VWF splicing: c.1533+1G>A, c.5664+2T>C and c.546G>A (p.=) prompted exon skipping; c.3223-7_3236dup and c.7082-2A>G resulted in activation of cryptic sites; c.3379+1G>A and c.7473G>A (p.=) demonstrated both molecular pathogenic mechanisms simultaneously; and the p.Cys370Tyr missense mutation generated two aberrant transcripts. Of note, the complete effect of 3 mutations was provided by next generation sequencing alone because of low expression of the aberrant transcripts. In the remaining 10 mutations, no effect was elucidated in the experiments. However, the differential findings obtained in platelets and leukocytes provided substantial evidence that 4 of these would have an effect on VWF levels. In this first report using next generation sequencing technology to unravel the effects of VWF mutations on splicing, the technique yielded valuable information. Our data bring to light the importance of studying the effect of synonymous and missense mutations on VWF splicing to improve the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind von Willebrand disease.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Unraveling the effect of silent, intronic and missense mutations on VWF splicing: contribution of next generation sequencing in the study of mRNA

Large studies in von Willebrand disease patients, including Spanish and Portuguese registries, led to the identification of >250 different mutations. It is a challenge to determine the pathogenic effect of potential splice site mutations on VWF mRNA. This study aimed to elucidate the true effects of 18 mutations on VWF mRNA processing, investigate the contribution of next-generation sequencing to in vivo mRNA study in von Willebrand disease, and compare the findings with in silico prediction. RNA extracted from patient platelets and leukocytes was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced using Sanger and next generation sequencing techniques. Eight mutations affected VWF splicing: c.1533+1G>A, c.5664+2T>C and c.546G>A (p.=) prompted exon skipping; c.3223-7_3236dup and c.7082-2A>G resulted in activation of cryptic sites; c.3379+1G>A and c.7437G>A) demonstrated both molecular pathogenic mechanisms simultaneously; and the p.Cys370Tyr missense mutation generated two aberrant transcripts. Of note, the complete effect of three mutations was provided by next generation sequencing alone because of low expression of the aberrant transcripts. In the remaining 10 mutations, no effect was elucidated in the experiments. However, the differential findings obtained in platelets and leukocytes provided substantial evidence that four of these would have an effect on VWF levels. In this first report using next generation sequencing technology to unravel the effects of VWF mutations on splicing, the technique yielded valuable information. Our data bring to light the importance of studying the effect of synonymous and missense mutations on VWF splicing to improve the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind von Willebrand disease. clinicaltrials.gov identifier:02869074

Química de COU : bases para una coordinación

1. Unificar criterios en el desarrollo del programa de estudios. 2. Actualizar la terminología. 3. Proponer actividades de autoevaluación que permitan una valoración del grado de consecución de los objetivos propuestos. La programación de Química en COU, con el fin de sugerir la posibilidad del inicio de una coordinación entre los profesores, rompiendo con la dinámica de actuaciones individuales. Se abordan los temas que los autores consideran básicos de Química además de un tema que intenta conectar con el BUP, una introducción a la Química del Carbono y una referencia a lo que podría ser el tratamiento de la Química Inorgánica descriptiva. Los temas a tratar son: 1. Termodinámica, 2. Cinética de reacciones, 3. Equilibrio químico, 4. Ácidos y bases, 5. Reacciones de transferencia de electrones, 6. Reacciones de precipitación. 7. Estructura atómica y sistema periódico y 8. Enlace químico. En cada uno de los temas que se abordan dentro de la Química de COU, se discute el enfoque y comentan los aspectos más destacados de la programación con especial incidencia en la actualización terminológica. Se exponen los objetivos del tema, el programa, los comentarios y se proponen ejercicios múltiples de autoevaluación: frases incompletas, afirmaciones de las que el alumno debe comentar su veracidad o falsedad, ejercicios numéricos, formulación, etc., que, según los autores, permitirán una valoración del grado de consecución de los objetivos propuestos. Se proponen también una serie de cuestiones y ejercicios para un inicio de las clases de Química de COU, para detectar los conocimientos que los alumnos poseen sobre cuestiones básicas. Se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de una coordinación entre los profesores de Química de COU y de los distintos niveles educativos. Viendo, además, la necesidad de abarcar otros aspectos como la actualización científica, la actualización pedagógica, orientación, investigación didáctica, etc.AsturiasES