Herramienta educativa sobre cuidados básicos de enfermería en el recién nacido dirigida a padres de la unidad de cuidado intensivo e intermedio neonatal en un hospital de iv nivel en Bogotá

54 páginasSe realizo un proyecto de gestión para la unidad de cuidado intensivo e intermedio neonatal de un hospital de IV nivel en la ciudad de Bogotá, el objetivo principal de éste proyecto fue diseñar una herramienta educativa dirigida a los padres sobre cuidados bàsicos de enfermería en el recien nacido. Mediante la metodologia del Marco lógico se planteó, desarrolló e implementó parte del proyecto y por medio de un plan de acción se realizó la búsqueda y análisis de la información y se diseñó una cartilla con los cuidados básicos de enfermería en el recien nacido. Como producto final se obtuvo una cartilla y se desarrolló una propuesta de socialización para las enfermeras de la unidad y para los padres con el fin de socializar, unificar conceptos y conocimientos e implementar la cartilla como herramienta educativa en el momento de educación brindado por la enfermera.Especialización en Enfermería en Cuidado Crítico con énfasis en NeonatoEspecialista en Enfermería en Cuidado Crítico con énfasis en Neonat

LOS PROBIÓTICOS: MICROORGANISMOS VIVOS QUE PREVIENEN ENFERMEDADES EN ADULTOS Y NIÑOS

<p>Los probióticos se han utilizado para el tratamiento de un gran número de patologías pediátricas y del adulto, principalmente, para el tratamiento de problemas gastrointestinales que cursan con la alteración en la microbiota intestinal. El objetivo de emplear probióticos radica en ayudar a la microbiota intestinal a regular sus desequilibrios, pues dentro de las especies que colonizan nuestras mucosas, éstas han sido reconocidas como organismos generalmente seguros. Así pues, el uso de estos microorganismos representa un beneficio para la salud puesto que se valen de mecanismos bioquímicos que causan efectos antimicrobianos y fisiológicos. También se ha comprobado que los probióticos son importantes para la maduración de la inmunidad humoral en la primera infancia y para tratar y prevenir la diarrea infecciosa; sin embargo, se requieren más investigaciones para documentar el uso y sus pautas específicas para los probióticos en grupos concretos de pacientes.</p><p><strong>PROBIOTICS: LIVE MICROORGANISMS THAT PREVENT DISEASES IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN</strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Probiotics have been used in a large number of adult and pediatric; mainly for the treatment of gastrointestinal problems that occur with the alteration in the intestinal microbiota. The aim of using probiotics is to help intestinal microbiota to regulate its imbalances; since within the species that colonize our mucous membranes, these have been recognized as agents usually safe. Thus, the use of these microorganisms represents a health benefit because they take advantage of biochemical mechanisms that cause antimicrobial and physiological effects. It has also been found that probiotics are important for the maturation of the humoral immunity in early childhood, and for treating and preventing infectious diarrhea; however, more research is needed to document their use and specific guidelines in specific groups of patients.</p&gt

PPD-induced monocyte mitochondrial damage is associated with a protective effect to develop tuberculosis in BCG vaccinated individuals: A cohort study.

INTRODUCTION:The mechanisms of mononuclear phagocyte death have been associated with the permissiveness and resistance to mycobacterial replication, but it remains unknown whether or not they help predict the risk of developing TB. OBJECTIVE:To describe the factors associated with the induction of monocyte mitochondrial and membrane damage in response to PPD as well as determine if this type of damage might predict the susceptibility of developing active tuberculosis in a cohort of household contacts (HHCs) from Medellin, Colombia from 2005 to 2008. METHODS:The prospective cohort study contains 2060 HHCs patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were meticulously followed for two years. A survey of the socio-demographic, clinical, epidemiological factors and blood samples were collected. Mononuclear cell cultures were stimulated with or without PPD and the type of monocyte death was determined by the flow of cytometry, an indicator was also used for its analysis. Logistic regression was adjusted by the Generalized Estimations Equations and the survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. Confidence intervals were used for estimating the association. RESULTS:1,859 out of 2,060 blood samples of the HHCs patients analyzed showed monocyte death. In response to PPD, 83.4% underwent mitochondrial damage while 50.9% had membrane damage. The membrane damage in response to PPD was higher in children under 4 years (OR: 1.57; (95% CI: 1.1 to 2.4) and the HHCs who slept regularly in the same household has an index case of (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.0 to 2.3). After adjustment by age, comorbidities, nutritional status, proximity to index case and overcrowding, the risk of developing active TB among BCG vaccinated HHCs individuals with induction of mitochondrial damage was HR = 0.19 (95% CI: 0.1 to 0.5). CONCLUSIONS:The induction of monocytes mitochondrial damage by PPD stimulation correlates with protection of TB disease development in BCG-vaccinated HHCs. This represents a potential tool to predict susceptibility of developing active disease in this population

ROC curves showing the predictive capacity of the level of mitochondrial damage to predict active TB development in household contacts of smear-positive patients with or without BCG vaccination.

<p>The gray area shows the confidence interval of AUC (Area Under Curve),Se (Sensitivity), Sp (Specificity).</p

Effect of PPD stimulation on mitochondrial and cell membrane damage in mononuclear phagocytes from household contacts of smear-positive patients in Colombia.

<p>The level of mitochondrial damage was calculated as the difference between the percentage of PPD stimulated cells minus the percentage of non-stimulated cells for mitochondrial damage and cell membrane damage.</p

Risk factors associated with the induction of monocytes’ mitochondrial and membrane damage in response to PPD, in mononuclear phagocytes obtained from household contacts of smear-positive TB patients in Colombia.

<p>Risk factors associated with the induction of monocytes’ mitochondrial and membrane damage in response to PPD, in mononuclear phagocytes obtained from household contacts of smear-positive TB patients in Colombia.</p

Incidence of tuberculosis according to the level of mitochondrial damage in household contacts of smear-positive patients with or without BCG vaccination.

<p>The level of mitochondrial damage was categorized by quartiles. The trend in decreasing incidence of active TB was assessed with chi square test for trend (chi square test for trend = 8.66, p = 0.003).</p

TB incidence and non-adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) that influences development of TB according to various factors related to households of smear-positive patients in Colombia.

<p>TB incidence and non-adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) that influences development of TB according to various factors related to households of smear-positive patients in Colombia.</p