Patient involvement in clinical research: Why, when, and how

The development of a patient-centered approach to medicine is gradually allowing more patients to be involved in their own medical decisions. However, this change is not happening at the same rate in clinical research, where research generally continues to be carried out on patients, but not with patients. This work describes the why, when, and how of more active patient participation in the research process. Specific measures are proposed to improve patient involvement in 1) setting priorities, 2) study leadership and design, 3) improved access to clinical trials, 4) preparation and oversight of the information provided to participants, 5) post-study evaluation of the patient experience, and 6) the dissemination and application of results. In order to achieve these aims, the relative emphases on the ethical principles underlying research need to be changed. The current model based on the principle of beneficence must be left behind, and one that upholds the ethical principles of autonomy and non maleficence should be embraced. There is a need to improve the level of information that patients and society as a whole have on research objectives and processes; the goal is to promote the gradual emergence of the expert patient

Space VIOS. Desarrollo de un vehículo espacial para realizar misiones de servicio en órbita

En este informe técnico se propone el desarrollo de un vehículo espacial que lleve a cabo dos medidas de contingencia. En primer lugar, que permita dar soporte a constelaciones ya existentes, aumentando la vida en servicio de las mismas y reduciendo el número de futuros lanzamientos. Además, se podrá reducir la basura espacial mediante la deorbitación o traslado a órbitas cementerio de satélites ya en órbita