La trata de seres humanos con fines de explotación sexual: detección e intervención con víctimas en la CAV

[ES]La trata de seres humanos constituye una de las más graves violaciones de los Derechos Humanos de las personas. A su vez, la explotación sexual es la finalidad más típica de la trata de seres humanos. Este trabajo pretende abordar la realidad de las víctimas de esta modalidad de trata, definiendo sus características específicas e identificando sus necesidades concretas. Además, se realiza un recorrido de la situación de la trata en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca, de sus víctimas y de los recursos existentes para estas. Se concluye con un análisis y crítica del sistema de atención e intervención con mujeres víctimas de explotación sexual.[EN]Human trafficking is one of the most serious violations of human rights. In turn, sexual exploitation is the most typical purpose of human trafficking. This paper aims to address the reality of the victims of this form of trafficking, defining their specific characteristics and identifying their specific needs. In addition, a review of the situation of trafficking in the Basque Autonomous Community, its victims and the existing resources for them is carried out. It concludes with an analysis and critique of the system of care and intervention with women victims of sexual exploitation

La banda sonora de la publicidad institucional española dirigida a mujeres

The present work investigates if the music in the advertising promoted by the Institute of the Woman - public entity of Spanish area with more than 20 years of history - expires with different own functions: to thrill and to serve as support to the images and to the message; if the subject matter of the advertisement determines the typology of the music; and if the above mentioned announcements are remembered by the soundtrack. The study offers a global vision of the composers' intentions, creative and of the own Institute of the Woman, in his institutional speech across the advertising music

La precisión diagnóstica de los péptidos natriuréticos en la insuficiencia cardiaca: una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis en el paciente agudo: The diagnostic accuracy of the natriuretic peptides in heart failure: systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis in the acute care setting. Roberts E, Ludman AJ, Dworzynski K at el. BMJ 2015;350:H910

Los péptidos natriuréticos forman una familia de proteínas con acción hormonal que tienen efecto sobre el balance del sodio y del agua. Hasta el momento, se han identificado 5 tipos de péptidos natriuréticos, 2 de ellos son secretados por las células del miocardio: el péptido natriurético atrial o tipo A (del inglés: atrial natriuretic peptide type A; ANP) se sintetiza y secreta principalmente en las aurículas, y se almacena en forma de gránulos como prohormona (proANP), cuando se segrega es dividida por una proteasa en un fragmento terminal (NT-proANP) y en una molécula biológicamente activa (ANP). A nivel intermedio se aísla la región media o fragmento central del ANP (del inglés; MidRegional Atrial Natriuretic Peptide; MR-ProANP), que ha sido descrito como un buen marcador biológico. El péptido natriurético tipo B, también llamado cerebral, debido a que inicialmente se aisló en tejido cerebral porcino (del inglés: atrial natriuretic peptide type B, BNP), es un péptido estructuralmente similar al ANP, el cual se sintetiza como una prohormona (proBNP), principalmente por los miocitos ventriculares, más en el ventrículo izquierdo y, en menor cantidad, en el tejido auricular y por fibroblastos cardiacos, y se escinde en una molécula activa (BNP) y otra inactiva (del inglés, propéptido cerebral natriurético N terminal; NT-proBNP). Cómo hacer un diagnóstico correcto en pacientes con sospecha de insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) aguda es en ocasiones un reto, ya que sólo en un 40-50% de los casos es posible una confirmación diagnóstica (1,2). Varios estudios han demostrado que cuando a la historia clínica, al examen clínico, y a las investigaciones convencionales, se le añade la medición de los niveles de péptidos natriuréticos plasmáticos se mejora la precisión diagnóstica (3,4). Ello ha dado lugar a que estos marcadores se hayan incluido en las recomendaciones internacionales para la diagnóstico y tratamiento de la IC. En el año 2012 la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología incluyó los valores de corte específicos de los diferentes péptidos natriuréticos para la exclusión de fallo cardiaco agudo independientemente de la edad (5). Basado en consensos de expertos, se han establecido los siguientes puntos de corte para la exclusión de la IC aguda: ≤100 ng/L para el BNP, ≤300 ng/L para el NTproBNP y ≤120 pmol/L para el MRproANP. Ya es conocido su uso en el diagnóstico de exclusión de la IC crónica en el ámbito ambulatorio, pero su utilidad en el paciente agudo es incierto ya que su papel no está bien definido y además no existe apenas disponibilidad de medición en los Servicios de Urgencias

Thermophilic anaerobic conversion of raw microalgae: Microbial community diversity in high solids retention systems

[EN] The potential of microbial communities for efficient anaerobic conversion of raw microalgae was evaluated in this work. A long-term operated thermophilic digester was fed with three different Organic Loading Rates (OLR) (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4¿g·L¿1·d¿1) reaching 32¿41% biodegradability values. The microbial community analysis revealed a remarkable presence of microorganisms that exhibit high hydrolytic capabilities such as Thermotogae (~44.5%), Firmicutes (~17.6%) and Dictyoglomi, Aminicenantes, Atribacteria and Planctomycetes (below ~5.5%) phyla. The suggested metabolic role of these phyla highlights the importance of protein hydrolysis and fermentation when only degrading microalgae. The ecological analysis of the reactor suggests the implication of the novel group EM3 in fermentation and beta-oxidation pathways during microalgae conversion into methane. Scenedesmus spp. substrate and free ammonia concentration strongly shaped thermophilic reactor microbial structure. Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) remarked the resilient role of minor groups related to Thermogutta, Armatimonadetes and Ruminococcaceae against a potential inhibitor like free ammonia. Towards low-cost biogas production from microalgae, this study reveals valuable information about thermophilic microorganisms that can strongly disrupt microalgae and remain in high solids retention anaerobic digesters.This research work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, Project CTM2011-28595-C02-02) jointly with the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), which are gratefully acknowledged. The authors are thankful to Fernando Fdz-Polanco research team (University of Valladolid, Spain) for providing the thermophilic sludge from their pilot plant to inoculate the bioreactor and Llúcia Martínez and Giusseppe D'Aria from FISABIO sequencing service (Valencia, Spain) for their technical support during the Illumina sequencing design.Zamorano-López, N.; Greses-Huerta, S.; Aguado García, D.; Seco Torrecillas, A.; Borrás Falomir, L. (2019). Thermophilic anaerobic conversion of raw microalgae: Microbial community diversity in high solids retention systems. Algal Research. 41:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101533S194

Effect of long residence time and high temperature over anaerobic biodegradation of Scenedesmus microalgae grown in wastewater

[EN] Anaerobic digestion of indigenous Scenedesmus spp. microalgae was studied in continuous lab-scale anaerobic reactors at different temperatures (35 degrees C and 55 degrees C), and sludge retention time - SRT (50 and 70 days). Mesophilic digestion was performed in a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) and in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). Mesophilic CSTR operated at 50 days SRT only achieved 11.9% of anaerobic biodegradability whereas in the AnMBR at 70 days SRT and 50 days HRT reached 39.5%, which is even higher than the biodegradability achieved in the thermophilic CSTR at 50 days SRT (30.4%). Microbial analysis revealed a high abundance of cellulose-degraders in both reactors, AnMBR (mainly composed of 9.4% Bacteroidetes, 10.1% Chloroflexi, 8.0% Firmicutes and 13.2% Thermotogae) and thermophilic CSTR (dominated by 23.8% Chloroflexi and 12.9% Firmicutes). However, higher microbial diversity was found in the AnMBR compared to the thermophilic CSTR which is related to the SRT. since high SRT promoted low growth-rate microorganisms, increasing the hydrolytic potential of the system. These results present the membrane technology as a promising approach to revalue microalgal biomass, suggesting that microalgae biodegradability and consequently the methane production could be improved operating at higher SRT. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This research work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, Project CTM2011-28595-C02-01/02) jointly with the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), which are gratefully acknowledged. The authors are thankful to Fernando Fernandez-Polanco for providing the thermophilic sludge to inoculate the reactor.This research work has been financially supported by the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2012/029 PROJECT), which is gratefully acknowledged.Greses-Huerta, S.; Zamorano -López, N.; Borrás Falomir, L.; Ferrer, J.; Seco Torrecillas, A.; Aguado García, D. (2018). Effect of long residence time and high temperature over anaerobic biodegradation of Scenedesmus microalgae grown in wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management. 218:425-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.086S42543421

La banda sonora de la publicidad institucional española dirigida a mujeres

The present work investigates if the music in the advertising promoted by the Institute of the Woman - public entity of Spanish area with more than 20 years of history - expires with different own functions: to thrill and to serve as support to the images and to the message; if the subject matter of the advertisement determines the typology of the music; and if the above mentioned announcements are remembered by the soundtrack. The study offers a global vision of the composers' intentions, creative and of the own Institute of the Woman, in his institutional speech across the advertising music