Interaction of nanofibers with epithelial cells in the digestive system

In this study, we provide the evidence of interaction of tungsten nanofibres (NF- WOx) with epithelial cells in the digestive tube of a test organism, woodlouse Porcellio Scaber studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When the nanofibers enter the body through food, not all of them pass through the digestive system, without an interaction with the epithelial cells. The result has provided us that in some areas nanofibers can react with epithelial cells on the digestive tube very fast. The images which were taken in the treated samples through scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis clearly show such a phenomenon has occurred. Our results are consistent with the findings of many studies that have been made by many authors to show the risk of using nanofibers in the food industry but also more widely. We provided the evidence how the nanofibers can cause strong injuries on the epithelial cells in the digestive tube when they arrive with the food. We can therefore conclude that nanofibers can embed epithelial cells in the digestive tube, pierce the cell membrane and enter into the cells during the contraction period of peristalsis in the digestive system and therefore the use of them in the food industry, textile industry and many more should be strictly minimized

The Production of Biodiesel Using Waste Cooking Oil in Kosovo

The need for energy, fossil fuels and the emissions generated from these fuels are increasing daily. In recent years, biodiesel has attracted significant attention from worldwide researchers, governments, and industries as a renewable, biodegradable, and non-toxic fuel. Its production from waste cooking oil (WCO) provides an alternative energy means of producing liquid fuels from biomass for transport uses. Biodiesel production by recycling WCO and methanol in the presence of kaliumhydroxide (KOH), offers several benefits such as economic, environmental and waste management. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the pre-treatment and the usage of WCO for the production of biodiesel in Kosovo. In order to know as accurately as possible how the Kosovo market is prepared for biodiesel production and what potential Kosovo has in this case, we researched on our own the market by interviewing the workers from the gastronomy sector so we could calculate how much oil is being yearly wasted, and within it the amount of energy too. In addition, this work highlights the purification and analysis of the produced biodiesel in a chemical laboratory, the operating parameters that highly affect the biodiesel yield, the air pollution related to it, several economic and energy studies based on statistics

Biological water pollution on the rivers Klina and Neredime, Kosovo

In this study, we provide the evidence of water pollution with the bacteria in two rivers in Kosovo. They are selected because of the similarity in length, source of pollution and both of them are protected by the law for nature heritage value. Kosovo has an environmental legislation in line with the European law and directives on water resources protection and water protection but this is not what’s happening in practice. Some areas which are declared as protected areas according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature: category I and V are not being protected from degrading. Physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis of river water shows us that they are highly contaminated with organic matter but also with bacteria. On most of the areas, pollution with heterotrophic bacteria was in very high level. Also the result s showed us that on most of these areas the fecal pollution was very high except for the first kilometers of the source. The Quality of the water is very bad and the ecological status of the rivers is bad as well. ter is very bad and the ecological status of the rivers is bad as well. ost of the areas, pollution with heterotrophic bacteria was in very high level. Also the result s showed us that on most of these areas the fecal pollution was very high except for the first kilometers of the source. The Quality of the water is very bad and the ecological status of the rivers is bad as well