106 research outputs found
Tanti modi per promuoversi. Artisti, dottori, letterati nella Roma del Seicento
The central idea of this book is that since the Renaissance and through the 17th and 18th centuries, a certain number of artists, scholars and members of the liberal professions struggled to construe themselves as "intellectual personae" endowed with distinct features that placed them in a distinct social rank. They did so individually and collectively, through theoretical writings and through practice, openly claiming for social recognition or more silently trying to attain it through their actions.
I have borrowed the notion of âintellectual personaeâ from Lorrain Daston and Otto Sibum who in the introduction to a special issue of Science in Context spoke of a persona as âa cultural identity that simultaneously shapes the individual in body and mind and creates a collective with a shared and recognized physiognomyâ. But while Daston and Sibum were primarily interested in the cultural aspects of this phenomenon, as they considered the fashioning of the scientific personae within the context of the history of science, I would rather focus on its socio-economic and political features within the context of the history of the Ancien regime, i. e. a hierarchical society, strongly characterized by ascribed status.
By intellectual personae I thus refer to people exercising very different activities â as I said artists, scholars, lawyers, medicine doctors â and yet sharing a common feature: they were all exercising âintellectualâ or âcultivatedâ professions and providing âculturalâ services or goods. And they all pretended that this special quality of their activities placed them in a separate rank: if they did not belong to the titled nobility, they certainly were not members of the laboring ranks of the society
Universel/particulier : femmes et droits de propriété (Rome, XVIIe siÚcle)
Le statut juridique des femmes et de leurs biens introduit des diffĂ©rences par rapport Ă celui des hommes, diffĂ©rences qui sont tantĂŽt dĂ©fendues tantĂŽt dĂ©noncĂ©es par les femmes elles-mĂȘmes, selon quâelles visent Ă mettre leurs biens Ă lâabri des prĂ©tentions des crĂ©anciers ou, au contraire, quâelles manifestent leur volontĂ© de tester le plus librement possible. Mais, en prĂ©alable Ă la diffĂ©rence entre hommes et femmes, se trouve le problĂšme de la dĂ©finition du droit de propriĂ©tĂ© en tant que tel. De nombreux tĂ©moignages montrent en effet que celui-ci est souvent dĂ©duit dâun Ă©tat de fait, plutĂŽt que de la production dâun titre lĂ©gitime. Et, Ă la diffĂ©rence de la propriĂ©tĂ©, la possession ne se dĂ©cline pas selon le genre.The legal statute of women and their properties introduces several differences from menâs own statute. These are sometimes supported and sometimes denounced by women themselves, depending on their willingness to protect their goods from creditorsâ pretensions or to be as free as possible in disposing of their property. But previous to any difference between legal statutes is the problem of the definition of property right itself. A large number of evidences show indeed that property right is more often deduced from a state of fact than from the production of a legal title. And contrary to property, possession is not declined with gender
Histoire sociale de lâItalie moderne et contemporaine
GĂ©rard Delille, directeur dâĂ©tudes avec Brigitte Marin, directeur des Ă©tudes Ă lâĂcole française de RomeMarina Caffiero et Renata Ago, professeurs Ă lâUniversitĂ© La Sapienza, Rome et Marine Boiteux Histoire et anthropologie des sociĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes de lâAntiquitĂ© Ă la pĂ©riode contemporaine Le sĂ©minaire a traitĂ© du thĂšme « Territoire et pouvoir ». Les diffĂ©rents intervenants ont essayĂ© de montrer Ă travers quels systĂšmes de relations ou de coercition, des groupes ou des reprĂ©sentants inst..
Entre consumos suntuaÌrios e comuns: a posse de objetos exoÌticos entre alguns habitantes do Porto (seÌculos XVI â XVII)
O estudo da documentaçaÌo referente aos doadores da MisericoÌrdia do Porto entre os seÌculos XVI e XVII, atraveÌs dos objetos exoÌticos patentes nos respectivos testamentos e inven- taÌrios â estes uÌltimos provenientes de uma aÌrea que se estende de Macau ao Brasil â, permite discernir uma panoÌplia de objetos que mudaram a cultura material dos portuenses em contato com os territoÌrios da expansaÌo portuguesa. Um levantamento sistemaÌtico permitiu jaÌ rastrear, ateÌ o ano de 1699, 257 doadores, dos quais se apresentaraÌo aqui apenas alguns, referentes a benfeitores que, naÌo obstante possuiÌrem bens moÌveis nesse aÌmbito, naÌo saÌo dados como tendo estado nos territoÌrios de expansaÌo transoceaÌnica. Argumentar-se-aÌ que essa circulaçaÌo de objetos naÌo foi exclusiva das elites nobiliaÌrquicas, nem dos grandes centros urbanos, pelo que a sua difusaÌo atingiu maiores proporçoÌes do que aquelas que a historiografia tem admitido ateÌ agora. A cidade em observaçaÌo neste estudo â o Porto dos seÌculos XVI e XVII â estava longe de ser das maiores da Europa nesse periÌodo, quer em dimensaÌo territorial, quer em efetivos populacionais, embora se situasse numa regiaÌo de demografia pujante, que canalizou os seus excedentes desde cedo para a emigraçaÌo interna e externa â o Entre Douro e Minho. Como teremos ocasiaÌo de verificar, fidalgos e nobres possuiÌam bens exoÌticos, mas estes encontravam-se tambeÌm entre mercadores e ateÌ artesaÌos mais desafogados. Por outro lado, nem todos os objetos provenientes dos espaços da expansaÌo transoceaÌnica devem ser conotados com bens de luxo.The study of the sources referring to the donors of the MisericĂłrdia of the city of Porto
during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has revealed the presence of numerous exotic objects in their last wills and inventories. A survey has traced 257 donors until 1699, some of them
having died in an area that extends from Macao to Brazil. Only a small number of cases shall be
presented here, pertaining to benefactors who, in spite of owning objects of transoceanic origin,
seem to have remained in mainland Portugal. It shall be argued that the circulation of objects has
not been exclusive either to the elites of the nobility or to the large urban centres, their diffusion having been on a larger scale than what has been admitted until now. The city under scrutiny in
this study â Porto during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries â was not one of the bigger cities
in this period, either in what respects to size or population, although it was located in an area of
flourishing demography, that channelled its surplus population early on to internal and external
emigration. Fidalgos and noblemen owned exotic goods, but these were to be found among
merchants and even well-to-do artisans. On the other hand, not all objects originating from the
areas of transoceanic expansion should be considered as luxury goods.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Les biens meubles. Une propriĂ©tĂ© qui ne crĂ©e pas dâappartenance ?
Partant de la question de lâĂ©ventuel pouvoir des biens meubles Ă charpenter lâappartenance Ă la communautĂ©, lâarticle se pose dâabord le problĂšme de leur caractĂšre, qui apparaĂźt bien plus artificiel et construit par la loi que naturel et descendant de la nature des choses. Au-delĂ des discours des juristes, pour lesquels les meubles sont dĂ©cidĂ©ment secondaires par rapport aux immeubles, la pratique des individus, et surtout celle des testateurs/testatrices, montre que les premiers sont fondamentalement complĂ©mentaires aux seconds et permettent de moduler trĂšs finement la transmission de biens et de valeurs dâune gĂ©nĂ©ration Ă lâautre, ainsi que lâexpression de ses propres affections familiales et personnelles. Toutefois, si certains biens meubles ont une valeur, qui est financiĂšre outre que symbolique et affective, pour ceux qui les ont fabriquĂ©s ou acquis au prix dâun sacrifice de temps et dâargent, les hĂ©ritiers qui les reçoivent, les acquĂ©rant sans les avoir particuliĂšrement « mĂ©ritĂ©s », ne peuvent pas sâen parer de la mĂȘme façon, et lâĂ©ventuelle distinction quâils avaient confĂ©rĂ© au dĂ©funt nâarrive pas Ă se transmettre.Discussing the eventual power of the movables to construct social and communitarian links, the article argues that their character appears much more artificial and constructed by the law than natural and depending on the nature of things. Beyond the juristâ discourses, who consider the movables far less important than the real estate, the social practice of the individuals, and especially that of the testators, shows that the firsts are fundamentally complementary to the latters and allow to finely modulate the transmission of goods and values from one generation to the other, together with a more subtle expression of oneâs affections both familial and personal. However, whilst for those who have acquired them thanks to their sacrifice of time and money some movables have a value, which is financial as well as symbolic and affective, the inheritors, who acquire them without really deserving them, cannot use them in the same honorific way, and the eventual distinction they conferred to the deceased cannot be transmitted
Le stanze di Olimpia. La principessa Giustiniani Barberini e il linguaggio delle cose
Risultato di un progetto di ricerca di rilevanza nazional
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