FES supported sitting-standing-sitting of completely paraplegic patient

Paper describes successful achievement of sitting standing function for a completely paraplegic patient by using a newlydeveloped four-channel FES stimulator. Microcontroller governs open loop control system for predefined and measuredstimulation parameters. Surface electrodes are used to give stimulation. Kumar, Neelesh Pankaj, Dinesh Sharma, V K Agnihotri, R C Jindal, Rohi

Effect of frequency and amplitude of FES pulses on muscle fatigue during toning of muscles

This study presents effects of frequency and amplitude of stimulation pulses on muscle contraction. The experiments are on a complete paraplegic patient with injury level between T4 and T5. Number of contraction episode before fatigue has been more for low frequency and low voltage stimulation

Development of Four Channel Programmable FES System using Multi-tap Transformers

Spinal cord injuries are predominantly prevalent among younger individuals (> 55% in 16-30 age group). Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is electrical stimulation of muscle deprived of nerves control, with a view of providing muscular contraction and providing a functionally useful movement. The paper reports on the development of a FES system using multi-tap transformers, and also usefulness of the system on a complete paraplegic patient with injury level T-4 to T-12

Constituintes voláteis de Mentha pulegium L. e Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng Volatile constituents of Mentha pulegium L. and Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng

Nesse trabalho foi investigado a composição química de óleos essenciais de duas plantas medicinais cultivadas em Ilhéus, Brasil, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. (hortelã-grosso) e Mentha pulegium L. (poejo). Os óleos essenciais foram extraídos das folhas frescas por hidrodestilação e foram analisados por CG/FID e CG-EM, na primavera e no inverno. P. amboinicus forneceu, tanto na primavera como no inverno, 0,10% de óleo sendo timol o componente majoritário. M. pulegium forneceu na primavera 0,20% de óleo e no inverno 0,09%. Os componentes majoritários dos óleos foram pulegona e trans-cariofileno; borneol, mentol e piperitona foram identificados em menores quantidades. No inverno foram observados maiores quantidades de mentol e isomentol. Acetatos de neoisomentila, de mentila e de isometila foram observados somente no inverno. Esse trabalho contribui para o conhecimento das espécies vegetais cultivadas na região do sul da Bahia<br>This work investigated the chemical composition of the essential oils of two medicinal plants grown in Ilhéus Municipality, Bahia State, Brazil: Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng (Mexican mint) and Mentha pulegium L. (pennyroyal). The essential oils were extracted from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS, in the spring and in the winter. In both seasons, P. amboinicus yielded 0.10% oil and had thymol as major component. M. pulegium yielded 0.20% and 0.09% oil in the spring and winter, respectively. The major components were pulegone and trans-caryophyllene, whereas borneol, menthol and piperitone were identified at small quantities. Higher menthol and isomenthol levels were detected in the winter. In addition, neoisomenthyl, menthyl and isomenthyl acetates were only observed in the winter. This work contributes to the knowledge of plant species grown in southern Bahi