The role of non-wage methods of motivating employees in contemporary organizations

Motywacja jest jedną z funkcji zarządzania. Stanowi ona nieodłączny element rozwoju zasobów ludzkich. Każda organizacja powinna posiadać własny system motywacji. Właściwy system motywacji może być stworzony pod warunkiem, że organizacja rozpozna potrzeby swoich pracowników. W niniejszej pracy magisterskie omówiono pozapłacową formę motywowania we współczesnych organizacjach. Poddano analizie czynniki pozapłacowe oraz ich oddziaływanie na poziom motywacji pracowników. Dokonano przeglądu definicji motywacji, motywowania, wynagrodzenia, przeprowadzono własne badanie empiryczne za pomocą kwestionariusza ankiety oraz opisano otrzymane wyniki. W dalszej części zamieszczono podsumowanie wraz z rekomendacją dla zarządzających.Motivation is one of the functions of management. It is an integral part of human resource development. Each organization should have its own motivation system. A proper motivation system can be created if the organization recognizes the needs of its employees. This master thesis discusses the non-wage form of motivating in contemporary organizations. Non-wage factors and their impact on the level of employee motivation were analyzed. The definitions of motivation, motivation, remuneration were reviewed, own empirical research was conducted using a questionnaire and the obtained results were described. The following is a summary with a recommendation for managers

Zachowania zdrowotne kobiet w okresie menopauzalnym = The health behavior of women during menopausal period

Weber-Rajek Magdalena, Lubomska Marta, Radzimińska Agnieszka, Lulińska–Kuklik Ewelina, Goch Aleksander, Zukow Walery. Zachowania zdrowotne kobiet w okresie menopauzalnym = The health behavior of women during menopausal period. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(2):151-162. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.46353 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3395 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/715551     The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.01.2016. Revised 12.01.2016. Accepted: 31.01.2016.     Zachowania zdrowotne kobiet w okresie menopauzalnym The health behavior of women during menopausal period   Magdalena Weber-Rajek1, Marta Lubomska2, Agnieszka Radzimińska1, Ewelina Lulińska–Kuklik2, Aleksander Goch1, Walery Zukow3   • 1.        Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy Katedra Fizjoterapii, Bydgoszcz, Polska / Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Physiotherapy, Bydgoszcz, Poland • 2.        Bydgoska Szkoła Wyższa, Bydgoszcz, Polska / University of Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland • 3.        Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Bydgoszcz, Polska / Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland     Streszczenie   Wstęp Menopauza to naturalny etap życia każdej kobiety. Zmiany hormonalne zachodzące w organizmie w tym okresie powodują często wiele dolegliwości. Jedną z metod łagodzenia objawów menopauzy jest stosowanie hormonalnej terapii zastępczej, jak również przestrzeganie zachowań sprzyjających zdrowiu. Hormonalna terapia zastępcza łagodzi objawy menopauzy, ale także niesie za sobą pewne zagrożenia, które można minimalizować poprzez zachowania prozdrowotne. Cel badań  Celem badań była ocena zachowań zdrowotnych kobiet w okresie około menopauzalnym. Materiał i Metody W niniejszej pracy przebadano 50 kobiet w przedziale wiekowym 45-63 lata (średnia wieku 52,8 lat), które podzielono na 3 grupy w zależności od występowania objawów menopauzalnych i stosowania hormonalnej terapii zastępczej. Wyniki W badanej grupie kobiet w okresie menopauzalnym wykazano przeciętny poziom zachowań zdrowotnych. W całej badanej grupie najwyższe wyniki uzyskano w kategorii „zachowania profilaktyczne”, najniższe w kategoriach „prawidłowe nawyki żywieniowe” i „praktyki zdrowotne”. Porównując wyniki między grupami nie wykazano różnic istotnych statystycznie.   Summary   Introduction Menopause is a natural stage of life of every woman. The hormonal changes that occur the body often cause a lot of discomfort. One method of alleviating the symptoms of menopause is hormone replacement therapy, as well as the observance of behavior conducive to health. Hormone replacement therapy eases the symptoms of menopause, but also entails certain risks, which can be minimized by health behaviors. The aim of the study The aim of this reaserch was to present health behaviours of women in perimenopausal age. Material and Methods In this reaserch, 50 women in the age range 45-63 years old (average age 52,8) were examined and divided into 3 groups according to their menopausal symptoms and the use of hormonal replacement therapy. Results In the group of postmenopausal women showed an average level of health behavior.  In the whole group achieved the highest scores in the category " prophylaxis behavior ", the lowest in terms of " proper nutrition habits " and "health practices". Comparing the results between the two groups showed no statistically significant differences.   Słowa kluczowe: zachowania zdrowotne, kobieta. Keywords: health behaviors, female

Temperature-induced changes of HtrA2(Omi) protease activity and structure

HtrA2(Omi), belonging to the high-temperature requirement A (HtrA) family of stress proteins, is involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and in the stimulation of apoptosis, as well as in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The protein comprises a serine protease domain and a postsynaptic density of 95 kDa, disk large, and zonula occludens 1 (PDZ) regulatory domain and functions both as a protease and a chaperone. Based on the crystal structure of the HtrA2 inactive trimer, it has been proposed that PDZ domains restrict substrate access to the protease domain and that during protease activation there is a significant conformational change at the PDZ–protease interface, which removes the inhibitory effect of PDZ from the active site. The crystal structure of the HtrA2 active form is not available yet. HtrA2 activity markedly increases with temperature. To understand the molecular basis of this increase in activity, we monitored the temperature-induced structural changes using a set of single-Trp HtrA2 mutants with Trps located at the PDZ–protease interface. The accessibility of each Trp to aqueous medium was assessed by fluorescence quenching, and these results, in combination with mean fluorescence lifetimes and wavelength emission maxima, indicate that upon an increase in temperature the HtrA2 structure relaxes, the PDZ–protease interface becomes more exposed to the solvent, and significant conformational changes involving both domains occur at and above 30 °C. This conclusion correlates well with temperature-dependent changes of HtrA2 proteolytic activity and the effect of amino acid substitutions (V226K and R432L) located at the domain interface, on HtrA2 activity. Our results experimentally support the model of HtrA2 activation and provide an insight into the mechanism of temperature-induced changes in HtrA2 structure. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12192-012-0355-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users