Eradication of Transfusion-Induced Malaria by In vitro Processing

OBJECTIVE: To determine the lethal dose of chloroquine to be added to donors blood in vitro for eradication of transfusion-induced malaria and to study the unfavorable effects of this dose on the constituents of the stored blood. METHODS: A total of 4484 blood donors, recruited for this study, were screened for malaria parasites microscopically using Giemsa staining technique. Only 30 blood samples (200ml of blood each) satisfied the inclusion criteria of the study. Each of these blood samples was subdivided equally into four sub-samples to obtain 120 sub-samples. Three different concentrations of chloroquine were added to 90 specimens (30 samples represent each dose) while 30 specimens (control) were left without the drug. Blood specimens were then tested by parasitic, hematological and biochemical techniques on the day of collection and after 24 and 48 hours storage in blood bank refrigerator. RESULTS: The numbers of malaria parasites killed were proportional to chloroquine doses added to donors blood. No parasites were killed among the control donors blood samples. The determined lethal dose of chloroquine was safe to all constituents of the stored blood. CONCLUSION: For eradication of transfusion induced malaria by in vitro processing of donors blood, chloroquine is effective and safe drug. We recommend application of the optimal dose of chloroquine (626.1g/L) to the components of the blood bags prior to phlebotomy. Keywords: chloroquine, malignant tertian malaria, prothrombin Sudan Journal of Medical Science Vol. 3 (4) 2008: pp. 291-30

KAJIAN EDIBLE COATING BERBASIS PATI SINGKONG UNTUK MEMPERPANJANG UMUR SIMPAN BUAH NANGKA (ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS LAMK.) TEROLAH MINIMAL

Nangka merupakan produk pertanian yang memiliki daya tarik yang cukup tinggi. Buah nangka yang telah dipanen akan cepat mengalami proses kematangan karena buah nangka merupakan buah klimaterik, untuk itu maka dilakukan penelitian untuk memperpanjang umur simpan buah nangka terolah minimal dengan menggunakan edible coating pati singkong. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai bulan Mei 2017 di Laboratorium Teknik Pengolahan Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian, Teknik Pertanian,Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Andalas, Padang. Nangka yang digunakan adalah nangka Dulang dengan umur panen 10 bulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi edible coating terbaik untuk mempertahankan umur simpan buah nangka serta mengetahui suhu penyimpanan yang tepat. Parameter pengamatan yaitu susut bobot, kekerasan, kadar air, total padatan terlarut, vitamin C, ion leakage dan uji organoleptik.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode experimen dan analisis data menggunakan Rancangan Acak lengkap Faktoril (RAL) yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu konsentrasi dan suhu penyimpanan dan 4 perlakuan yaitu kontrol, konsentrasi 2%, konsentrasi 4% dan konsentrasi 6%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian edible coating pati singkong dapat mempertahankan mutu buah nangka terolah minimal, pemberian edible coating pati singkong dapat memperpanjang umur simpan buah nangka terolah minimal selama 10 hari, konsentrasi edible coating terbaik untuk mempertahankan mutu buah nangka terolah minimal selama penyimpanan adalah konsentrasi 6% dan suhu penyimpanan terbaik untuk mempertahankan mutu buah nangka terolah minimal selama penyimpanan adalah penyimpanan pada suhu dingin. Kata kunci – edible coating, konsentrasi, nangka, pati singkong, suhu penyimpanan, terolah minima

Ultrasound-guided forceps for pleural biopsy

AbstractPurposeUltrasound guided forceps for pleural biopsy is a technique that can cover the diagnostic yield gap between the needle biopsy of the pleura and thoracoscopy or thoracotomy. This technique enables operator to take biopsy from multiple pleural sites. Study objectives were: (1) to describe the ultrasound guided forceps for pleural biopsy as a technique not in common use in our practice to obtain pleural biopsy. (2) To evaluate the diagnostic yield of this technique in undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion.MethodsThis study included 96 patients admitted to Chest Department – Assiut University Hospital during the period from March 2010 to January 2012. All patients had exudative pleural effusion with the first pleural tapping being undiagnostic. Patients with bleeding tendency or blood coagulation defects were excluded from the study. Each one was submitted for the procedure once. The equipment used were ultrasound apparatus (ALOKA – Prosound – SSD – 3500SV), biopsy forceps (KARL – STORZ – Germany 10329L – BS), trocar and cannula of Cope’s needle and rubber inlet seal. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia (Xylocaine 2%) and aseptic condition. The patients were premedicated by analgesic (Ketorolac thromethamine 20mg). Three to five biopsy fragments were obtained from each case and sent in 10% formaldehyde to the pathology laboratory. All patients were submitted for thoracoscopy under local anesthesia and thoracoscopic forceps biopsies of pleura were taken.ResultsCompared to thoracoscopy the sensitivity of ultrasound guided forceps pleural biopsy in the diagnosis of malignant and tuberculous lesions was 85% and 88% respectively. The technique was absolutely specific in the diagnosis of malignant and tuberculous lesions.ConclusionsUltrasound-guided forceps for pleural biopsy is a simple, efficient, and safe procedure. It can be carried out easily and safely even in sick and obese patients. On the other hand, the procedure appears similar to the thoracoscopy in obtaining adequate pleural tissue specimens. Yet, it is simpler and less traumatic.Clinical implicationsUltrasound-guided forceps for pleural biopsy can overcome many of the limitations of the conventional needle biopsy procedures, provides multiple biopsy specimens of the parietal pleura that are inaccessible to the biopsy needle, and can be carried out easily and safely even in sick and obese patients. The diagnostic yield is nearly similar to thoracoscopy

Tanggung Jawab Misioner Guru Kristen Dalam Dunia Pendidikan

Education is an important part of the Christian mission because the Lord Jesus himself emphasized it in the Great Commission as a command that must be carried out. This task is for all Christians who are responsible for transmitting God's truth from generation to generation through teaching. The aim of this research is to focus on Christian teachers as a profession and part of all God's people, who are allowed to be preachers and teachers of God's truth to sinners. The hope is that Christian teachers will not only act as professional workers, but more than that they must carry out their missionary duties as a manifestation of God's call to them. The research method used is the library method. The results of this research are that teachers are a noble task because they carry out the main responsibility of the church, namely education as part of the mission. In this regard, the status as a Christian teacher is God's call which confirms his missionary function and responsibility, namely bringing students or students to the knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ.Pendidikan merupakan bagian penting dari misi Kristen sebab Tuhan Yesus sendiri menegaskannya dalam Amanat Agung sebagai perintah yang harus dilakukan. Tugas tersebut diperuntukkan bagi semua orang Kristen yang bertanggungjawab meneruskan kebenaran Allah dari generasi ke generasi melalui pengajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini difokuskan pada guru Kristen sebagai salah satu profesi sekaligus bagian dari semua umat Allah, yang diperkenankan untuk menjadi pemberita dan pengajar kebenaran Allah kepada orang berdosa. Harapannya agar guru Kristen tidak hanya bertindak sebagai pekerja professional saja, tetapi lebih dari pada itu ia harus menjalankan tugas misionernya sebagai wujud dari panggilan Tuhan kepadanya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah guru adalah tugas mulia sebab ia menjalankan tanggung jawab utama gereja yaitu Pendidikan sebagai bagian dari misi. Sehubungan dengan itu, status sebagai guru agama Kristen adalah panggilan Allah yang menegaskan fungsi dan tanggung jawab misionernya, yaitu membawa murid atau nara didik kepada pengenalan akan Tuhan Yesus Kristus

Thermal analysis and experimental study of end-pumped Nd: YLF laser at 1053 nm

Abstract We have numerically analyzed the thermal effects in Nd: YLF laser rod. The calculations of temperature and stress distributions in the Nd: YLF laser rod was performed with finite element (FE) simulations. The calculations showed that the laser rod could be pumped up to a power of 40 W without fracture caused by thermal stress. The calculated thermal lens power of thermally induced lens in Nd: YLF (σ-polarization) laser rod was analyzed and validated experimentally with two independent techniques. A Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer were used for direct measurements of focal thermal lens at different pump powers. The obtained measurements were coinciding with the FE simulations

Ultrasound-guided forceps for pleural biopsy

Purpose: Ultrasound guided forceps for pleural biopsy is a technique that can cover the diagnostic yield gap between the needle biopsy of the pleura and thoracoscopy or thoracotomy. This technique enables operator to take biopsy from multiple pleural sites. Study objectives were: (1) to describe the ultrasound guided forceps for pleural biopsy as a technique not in common use in our practice to obtain pleural biopsy. (2) To evaluate the diagnostic yield of this technique in undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion. Methods: This study included 96 patients admitted to Chest Department – Assiut University Hospital during the period from March 2010 to January 2012. All patients had exudative pleural effusion with the first pleural tapping being undiagnostic. Patients with bleeding tendency or blood coagulation defects were excluded from the study. Each one was submitted for the procedure once. The equipment used were ultrasound apparatus (ALOKA – Prosound – SSD – 3500SV), biopsy forceps (KARL – STORZ – Germany 10329L – BS), trocar and cannula of Cope’s needle and rubber inlet seal. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia (Xylocaine 2%) and aseptic condition. The patients were premedicated by analgesic (Ketorolac thromethamine 20 mg). Three to five biopsy fragments were obtained from each case and sent in 10% formaldehyde to the pathology laboratory. All patients were submitted for thoracoscopy under local anesthesia and thoracoscopic forceps biopsies of pleura were taken. Results: Compared to thoracoscopy the sensitivity of ultrasound guided forceps pleural biopsy in the diagnosis of malignant and tuberculous lesions was 85% and 88% respectively. The technique was absolutely specific in the diagnosis of malignant and tuberculous lesions. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided forceps for pleural biopsy is a simple, efficient, and safe procedure. It can be carried out easily and safely even in sick and obese patients. On the other hand, the procedure appears similar to the thoracoscopy in obtaining adequate pleural tissue specimens. Yet, it is simpler and less traumatic. Clinical implications: Ultrasound-guided forceps for pleural biopsy can overcome many of the limitations of the conventional needle biopsy procedures, provides multiple biopsy specimens of the parietal pleura that are inaccessible to the biopsy needle, and can be carried out easily and safely even in sick and obese patients. The diagnostic yield is nearly similar to thoracoscopy

Ultrasound guided pleural brushing: A new method for obtaining pleural specimen in malignant effusion

Purpose: Encouraging positive diagnostic yields in malignant pleural effusion could be obtained by pleural brushing performed through two techniques, the first was closed and the second was thoracoscopic. Until now the ultrasound guided pleural brushing is not included within these techniques and its diagnostic yield therefore is not evaluated. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of this procedure and its contributions as a technique not used previously in the interventional pulmonology practice to obtain pleural specimen for cytological examination in malignant pleural effusion. Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in the Chest Department – Assiut University Hospital during the period from July 2014 to September 2015. Patients who had highly suspicious malignant pleural effusion (clinical, radiological, and laboratory) were hospitalized and enrolled in this study. Patients with bleeding tendency or coagulation profile abnormalities were excluded from the study. Patients were also excluded from this study if the etiology of effusion was proved to be benign. Informed written consent was obtained from all patients. The equipment used in our study were ultrasound apparatus (ALOKA – Prosound – SSD – 3500SV), biopsy forceps (KARL – STORZ – Germany 10329L – BS), the bronchoscopic cleaning brush (PENTAX CS6002SN) trocar and cannula of Cope’s needle and the semi rigid thoracoscope (LTF; Olympus; Tokyo, Japan). Thoracentesis, pleural brushing and biopsy forceps of the pleura were performed for all enrolled patients in the ultrasound unit of the Chest Department while thoracoscopy was done in the endoscopy unit only for patients in whom the diagnosis could not be achieved by these procedures. Results: Among 22 patients who were finally documented to have malignancy, the ultrasound guided pleural brushing provided diagnosis in 9 (41%)/22 cases, it was exclusively diagnostic in 3 patients. Interestingly, the yield of this procedure had its contributions regarding the final pathological diagnosis of our cases, it could augment the positive yield to be 55% instead of 41% (for pleural fluid cytology alone), 82% instead of 68% (for biopsy forceps alone) and 86% instead of 72% (for both fluid cytology and forceps biopsy). The recorded complications in our study were minimal and not associated with any mortality. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided pleural brushing is a new method for obtaining pleural specimens. It is a simple and relatively safe procedure. This technique provides additional diagnostic yield in malignant pleural effusion. We recommend it beside others in our diagnostic practice for suspicious malignant effusion especially when thoracoscopy is not available