The legal regime of court cost judgment and its assessment in civil proceedings

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto estudiar las bases y fundamentos principales de la condena en costas procesales en el ámbito de la legislación civil española dado que éstas, a pesar del tiempo transcurrido y de su importancia práctica, siguen sin poseer un tratamiento claro en la LEC. Para ello, se comienza realizando una pequeña aproximación histórica que abarca la regulación de esta materia desde el Derecho Romano hasta nuestros días, seguida de una visión genérica de la asunción del coste de la Justicia. A continuación, se efectúa un análisis detallado del concepto y de los elementos que componen las costas del litigio con el fin de diferenciarlas de los gastos procesales. Posteriormente, se examina la finalidad de la condena en costas junto con los diversos sistemas en que puede fundamentarse la misma, haciendo una parada para tratar el cambio de postura jurisprudencial que se ha experimentado en relación a la posibilidad de establecer pactos sobre esta materia, y seguidamente, se repara en si la obligación de pago de la condena cuando concurre un litisconsorcio subjetivo ˗activo, pasivo˗ o mixto˗ es mancomunada o solidaria. Después, se continúa estudiando el régimen normativo aplicable a la condena en costas en primera instancia junto con sus excepciones, tanto en los supuestos de terminación normal como anormal, actuación que se repite ulteriormente para examinar la condena en los procesos de la segunda instancia. Adicionalmente, se analiza qué recurso cabe interponer para impugnar exclusivamente la condena en costas, comprobando además cómo se distribuyen las costas que se generan en dichos recursos. Finalmente, se analiza de manera específica el procedimiento de tasación de costas junto con su sistema de impugnación, así como las posibles consecuencias que este hecho puede generar.In this essay we are going to study the bases and main grounds of the court costs judgment in the field of civil legislation, because, in despite of the past of time and its practical importance, the court cost judgment haven´t got yet a clear treatment in the civil judment law. Due to that, we will start making a little historical aproximation, that starts from de roman ages until nowadays, followed by a global vision of the judgments costs asssumptions. Later, we will make a detailed test about the concept and the elements that compound the civil costs of the judgment with the purpose of differentiate them from the expenses. Then, we will explore the goal of the court costs judgment linked to the multiple systems in wich it can ground itself, stopping in a try to explain the change of mind of the court that can be seen linked to the chance of pacts over these stuff, meanwhile, we will see if the compulsoriness of payment of sentence have to be satisfied each part its part when we are in presence of multiple applicants, defendants, or both of them. Later, we will continue studying the normative system that should be aplicate to the court cost judgment at first instance linked to its exceptions at a normal and also not normal end of the process, the same process is going to be used also later when we study the court cost judgment in second instance. Then, we will analyze the means that we have to submit in order to only refuse the court cost judgment, and also the ones we can practise in the case of these court cost judgment have injured the right of effective judicial protection (art. 24 SC) cheking also how the costs generated in these processes are distributed. Finally, we will study specifically cost assessment together with its system of challenge, as well as the possible consequences that this fact can generate.Máster Universitario en Acceso a la Profesión de Abogado (M155

Diseño e instalación de un sistema experimental de medida de la irradiancia solar : evaluación y análisis de la irradiancia solar en Madrid

Tesis Univ. Complutense de Madrid, 1980.Depto. de ÓpticaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEProQuestpu

Measuring the reflectance of InGaAs/InP photodiodes

A. L. Muñoz Zurita agradece a CONACyT, México, por la beca mixta que le ha otorgado para su estancia en el IFA-CSIC[ES]La reflectancia de un fotodiodo, junto con su eficiencia cuántica interna, determinan el valor de la responsividad espectral, característica radiométrica fundamental de estos dispositivos usados en la medida de radiación óptica. En este trabajo se presenta el montaje experimental y los resultados obtenidos al medir la reflectancia de fotodiodos de InGaAs/InP de los usados habitualmente en laboratorios nacionales, procedentes de tres fabricantes diferentes. Asimismo se estudia la variación de la reflectancia con el estado de polarización de la radiación incidente para ángulos pequeños. Los resultados obtenidos indican que algunos modelos poseen una estructura antirreflejante en su superficie sensible y que para ángulos menores que 7,4º, la reflectancia no cambia con el estado de polarización, dentro de la incertidumbre de las medidas.[EN]Both the reflectance and the internal quantum efficiency determine the photodiode spectral responsivity, which is the radiometric characteristic of interest in the fields where these devices can be used for optical radiation measurements. In this work, we present the experimental set-up for measuring the photodiode reflectance as well as the results of such measurements related to InGaAs/InP-photodiodes exploited in national laboratories and coming from three different manufacturers. Changing the reflectance with varying the polarization state of the incoming optical radiation for small angles of incidence has been also studied. The obtained experimental results show that some models of photodiodes have got an anti-reflecting coating on their sensitive facets and that reflectance does not change with varying the light polarization state within the measurement uncertainty, when the angles of incidence were smaller that 7,4º.%3EPeer reviewe

A expressão lexical da evidencialidade: reflexões sobre a dedução e a percepção de evento

Centrando meu interesse na identificação dos níveis de atuação das categorias evidenciais e, em especial, na existência de uma relação hierárquica entre elas, este artigo tem por objetivo principal verificar a validade das predições decorrentes da abordagem estratificada das categorias qualificacionais proposta pela Gramática Discursivo-Funcional para o estudo da expressão lexical da evidencialidade no português do Brasil. São analisados os diferentes usos de verbos evidenciais da língua portuguesa, enfocando especialmente os verbos polissêmicos que se prestam à expressão de dois subtipos evidenciais específicos, a percepção de evento e a dedução. Os resultados demonstram que as diferenças semânticas entre esses subtipos também se refletem na combinatória entre evidencialidade e tempo, comprovando a ordem hierárquica prevista pelo modelo para a expressão gramatical da evidencialidade

Upgrade of goniospectrophtometer GEFE for near-field scattering and fluorescence radiance measurements

Proceedings of SPIE 9398; San Francisco, California, United States | February 8-9, 2015The goniospectrophotometer GEFE, designed and developed at IO¿CSIC (Instituto de ¿ Optica, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient¿¿ficas), was conceived to measure the spectral Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) at any pair of irradiation and detection directions. Although the potential of this instrument has largely been proved, it still required to be upgraded to deal with some important scattering features for the assessment of the appearance. Since it was not provided with a detector with spatial resolution, it simply could not measure spectrophotometric quantites to characterize texture through the Bidirectional Texture Function (BTF) or translucency through the more complex Bidirectional Scattering¿Surface Reflectance Distribution Function (BSSRDF). Another requirement in the GEFE upgrading was to provide it with the capability of measuring fluorescence at different geometries, since some of the new pigments used in industry are fluorescent, which can have a non¿negligible impact in the color of the product. Then, spectral resolution at irradiation and detection had to be available in GEFE. This paper describes the upgrading of the goniospectrophotometer GEFE, and its new capabilities through the presentation of sparkle and goniofluorescence measurements. In addition, the potential of the instrument to evaluate translucency by the measurement of the BSSRDF is briefly discussed.Authors are grateful to EMRP for funding the project “Multidimensional reflectometry for industry”. The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. Authors are also grateful to Comunidad de Madrid for funding the project SINFOTON-CM: S2013/MIT-2790.Peer Reviewe

Model for illuminance produced by LEDs as a function of distance

CIE 2015, Manchester/UK, June 28 - July 4, 2015; http://session2015.cie.co.at/The lighting industry has experienced a revolution with the arrival of novel lighting technologies in particular Light Emitting Diodes. LEDs have clear advantages in energy efficiency over conventional lighting technologies, and since 19 % of electricity worldwide is used for lighting, this can contribute significantly to saving energy problems worldwide and contributing to Europe¿s 2020 strategy. In order to validate performance claims and stimulate user confidence, as well as facilitate efficient development of this kind of products, dedicated metrology is needed. The objective of this work was to study goniometrical aspects of LEDs, and their dependence with distance to find a model to predict the illuminance at any distance. A modified inverse-square law model, considering only the offset of the LED virtual source with respect to their front tip is proposed. The applicability of the method was tested for 18 LED¿s types, with different angular and spectral distributions.This work was accomplished within the EMRP ENG05 Project “Metrology for Solid State Lighting”. The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. The authors are also grateful to Comunidad de Madrid for funding the project SINFOTON-CM: S2013/MIT-2790Peer Reviewe

Crianças e Adolescentes Institucionalizados:: Desempenho Escolar, Satisfação de Vida e Rede de Apoio Social

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of institutionalized youth and their families. The participants were 155 institutionalized children and adolescents, aged from 7 to 16 years old, from shelters in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre/RS. Data collection was accomplished through structured interviews, the Academic Achievement Test, the Life Satisfaction Scale and the Five Field Map. Early experimentation of drugs, poor school performances and high levels of school failure were observed among the adolescents. Families presented low educational levels, informal jobs and unemployment. Positive contacts and high life satisfaction in the institution may indicate that the institutional acceptance constitutes a source of support and satisfaction. Intervention programs for the development of those youth and for empowerment of their families are discussed.  Este estudo objetivou investigar as características de jovens institucionalizados e suas famílias. Participaram 155 crianças e adolescentes, de 7 a 16 anos, de instituições da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista estruturada, Teste de Desempenho Escolar, Escala de Satisfação de Vida e Mapa dos Cinco Campos. Foi observada a presença precoce de experimentação de drogas, baixo desempenho escolar e alto índice de repetência entre os jovens. As famílias apresentaram baixa escolaridade, trabalhos informais e desemprego. Contatos positivos e alta satisfação de vida na instituição podem indicar que o acolhimento institucional se constitui em fonte de apoio e satisfação. Programas de intervenção para o desenvolvimento desses jovens e fortalecimento das famílias são discutidos. &nbsp

Calibrating the elements of a multispectral imaging system

We describe a method to calibrate the elements of a multispectral system aimed at skylight imaging, which consists of a monochrome charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and a liquid-crystal tunable filter (LCTF). We demonstrate how to calibrate these two devices in order to build a multispectral camera that can obtain spectroradiometric measurements of skylight. Spectral characterizations of the tunable filter and the camera are presented together with a complete study into correcting temporal and spatial noise, which is of key importance in CCDs. We describe all the necessary steps to undertake this work and all the additional instrumentation that must be used to calibrate the radiometric devices correctly. We show how this complete study of our multispectral system allows us to use it as an accurate, high resolution spectroradiometer.This work was financed by the Spanish Red Temática “CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA DEL COLOR” (FIS2005-25312-E), the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, and the European Fund for Regional Development (FEDER) through grant FIS2007-60736. We thank our English colleague A. L. Tate for revising our English text.Peer reviewe