Immunohistochemical expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in subcutaneous versus omental adipose tissue in patients after elective abdominal surgery

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a biomarker of thrombosis. Adipose and vascular tissues are among the major sources of PAI-1 production. Previous studies indicated that fat deposits mediate increased cardiovascular risk among obese individuals. We investigated the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of PAI-1 in adipose and vascular tissues from the omentum and the subcutaneous tissue. The pathology samples were selected from 37 random patients who underwent elective abdominal surgery between 2008-2009. PAI-1 expression was semi-quantitatively scored and compared between the groups. Significant differences were noted in the IHC expression of PAI-1 between the omental and the subcutaneous adipose tissues (1.1 ± 0.8 versus 0.8 ± 0.6, respectively (p=0.05)). Adipose tissue displayed higher IHC expression of PAI-1 compared to vascular wall tissue in both omentum and subcutaneous sections (1.1 ± 0.8 versus 0.5 ± 0.9 (p=0.004), and 0.8 ± 0.6 versus 0.4 ± 0.6 (p=0.003), respectively). In conclusion, our study compared PAI-1 expression in the omentum versus the subcutaneous tissue and adipose versus vascular tissues. IHC expression of PAI-1 level was significantly higher in the omental adipose tissue compared to the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Adipose tissue displayed significantly higher PAI-1 expression than vascular tissue. The study elucidates the biological differences of adipose and vascular tissue from subcutaneous versus omental sections

Sex hormone binding globulin gene polymorphisms and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal Turkish women

Background: Insulin resistance is associated with obesity, glucose intolerance or diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Constellation of these risk factors iscalled metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is common among postmenopausal women. Low sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels associate with an increased risk of MetS in postmenopausal women. Variations in SHBG gene associate with low levels of circulating SHBG levels. We aim to study the association between SHBG gene polymorphisms — rs1799941 (A/G) and rs6257 (T/C) — with MetS among postmenopausal women.Methods: The study population consisted of 182 postmenopausal women with MetS and119 control subjects. We analyzed the allele frequencies of SHBG gene polymorphisms in relationto the risk components of MetS.Results: MetS patients displayed significantly lower SHBG levels compared to the lean controlsubjects (p = 0.036). rs1799941 A allele was associated with high SHBG levels (p = 0.031), low blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference. The number of ‘high risk’ alleles (G allele of the rs1799941 and T allele of rs6257) correlated positively with waist circumference (r = 0.203, p = 0.006) and negatively with SHBG levels (r = –0.291, p = 0.024).Conclusions: SHBG gene polymorphisms associate with SHBG levels and MetS risk components among postmenopausal women. Hence, A allele (rs1799941) may have a protectiveeffect for MetS through its association with high SHBG levels among postmenopausal women