Organochlorine and Organophosphorus Pesticides Residues in Commercial Poultry Feed Samples in Lagos State, Nigeria

Pesticides are among Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) used in agricultural practices to increase production efficiency. They enter the food chain, bioaccumulate and are toxic to human, animals and the environment. The presence of pesticide residues in animal feeds has been rarely monitored and reported in Nigeria. This study evaluated the levels of pesticide residues in different brands and types of poultry feeds that are produced, marketed and used in Lagos, Nigeria. Five types of five commonly used commercial brands (25 samples) of poultry feeds were purchased from animal feed markets in Lagos, Nigeria. Simultaneous detection and quantitation of selected thirteen (13) OCPs and eight (8) OPs residues in the feeds was carried out using Gas ChromatographyElectron Capture Detector (GC-ECD) and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) respectively. Results revealed that all the feed samples had multiple pesticide residues levels which ranged from 0.10 - 1.83 mg/kg for OCPs and 0.25 - 6.04 mg/kg for OPs. These values were above the Maximum Residual Limit (MRL). The detected pesticide residues order of violation of the MRL was Methoxychlor > Dieldrin >Endrin ketone for OCPs, and Trichlorfon > Malathion > Diazinon for OPs. There was no significant (p>0.05) differences in the pesticide residues levels among the brands and types of the samples. Present study indicates extensive and unwholesome use of pesticides in the agro industry in Nigeria suggesting need to enforce Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), Good Storage Practices (GSP), Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and constant monitoring of pesticide residues thereby implementing the Good health and Wellbeing (Goal 3) of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal

Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Tenaga Medis dalam Tindakan Pemasangan Alat Pernapasan Lewat Mulut (Ventilator) pada Pasien di Rumah Sakit

Pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit melibatkan berbagai jenis tenaga kesehatan. Dokter sebagai tenaga kesehatan ialah tenaga medis sedangkan tenaga kesehatan lainnya dikenal dengan tenaga non medis. Tindakan medis hanya bisa dilaksanakan oleh tenaga medis (yaitu, dokter gigi, dokter spesialis dan dokter gigi spesialis). Dalam hal tertentu tenaga medis dapat memberikan pelimpahan wewenang kepada tenaga non medis untuk melakukan tindakan medis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah pertanggungjawaban hukum tenaga medis dalam pemasangan alat pernapasan lewat mulut (ventilator) yang dilakukan oleh perawat . Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan data sekunder berupa dokumen Putusan PN Palembang Nomor No. 97/Pdt.G/2013/PN.Plg, peraturan Perundang-undangan serta buku-buku hukum kesehatan. Dari hasil penelusuran data sekunder tersebut diketahui bahwa pemasangan alat bantu pernapasan lewat mulut (ventilator) hanya bisa dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan yang ahli. Sehingga tenaga kesehatan yang merupakan tenaga medis maupun tenaga kesehatan nonmedis dapat melakukannya. Dalam kasus yang telah diputus oleh Pengadilan Negeri Palembang pemasangan ventilator dilakukan oleh dokter dan bukan oleh perawat. Pemasangan alat bantu pernapasan dilaksanakan oleh tenaga kesehatan yang memenuhi syarat dan telah dilakukan sesuai dengan Standar Prosedur Operasional. Sehingga sekalipun meninggalnya pasien merupakan kerugian bagi keluarganya namun kerugian tersebut bukan tanggungjawab tenaga kesehatan. Hal ini karena kerugian keluarga Pasien bukan akibat kesalahan tenaga kesehatan di Rumah Sakit. Kata Kunci : Pertanggungjawaban Hukum, Tenaga Medis, Rumah Saki

Order and dynamics of a liquid crystalline dendrimer by means of 2H NMR spectroscopy

A complete Deuterium NMR study performed on partially deuterated liquid crystalline carbosilane dendrimer is here reported. The dendrimer under investigation shows a SmA phase in a large temperature range from 381 to 293 K, and its mesophasic properties have been previously determined. However, in this work the occurrence of a biphasic region between the isotropic and SmA phases has been put in evidence. The orientational order of the dendrimer, labeled on its lateral mesogenic units, is here evaluated in the whole temperature range by means of H-2 NMR, revealing a peculiar trend at low temperatures (T < 326 K). This aspect has been further investigated by a detailed analysis of the H-2 NMR spectral features, such as the quadrupolar splitting, the line shape, and the line-width, as a function of temperature. In the context of a detailed NMR analysis, relaxation times (T-1 and T-2) have also been measured, pointing out a slowing down of the dynamics by decreasing the temperature, which determines from one side the spectral changes observed in the NMR spectra, on the other the observation of a minimum in the T1