Problems of digital library management

The article considers the organization and management of the processes of digitalization of libraries. The authors give their definition of the concept of a digital library. The paper reviews the advantages of the introduction of information and communication technologies in modern libraries, the demand for innovative digital library platforms from users. The study formulates frequent problems associated with the use of digital innovations, among which are the difficulties of managing electronic library systems. The authors note the lack of compatibility of the functionality of different platforms, which makes it difficult to transfer and adapt them from one library to another, as well as the difficulties of collecting statistics on the attendance of electronic libraries, available to both operators and users.The research paper raises the question about the development of a single standard of statistics for modern digital libraries. The study notes the necessity of creating user-friendly and understandable interfaces in electronic library applications. The problems of financing the services of digital libraries, library personnel, copyright compliance and dissemination of information about the activities of modern libraries as educational and leisure cultural centers are relevant. The authors point to the rethinking of traditional approaches to library management and the work of librarians as one of the most important tasks of organizing library systems

Alcohol dependence is formed on the background of violations of mental adaptation

This review of literature describes a role of chronic stress in the development of substance dependence including alcohol dependence. It is focused on neurochemical mechanisms of this dependence and approaches to its treatment in people with mental adaptation disorders

Dynamics of cognitive functions in treatment of alcohol-dependent patients

The article describes the results of dynamics of impaired cognitive functions of patients with alcohol dependence who received treatment with antipsychotics. Cognitive functions improve significantly faster in patients of the main group whose treatment included Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic. There is insignificant positive dynamics of impaired cognitive functions in the group of patients who received Haloperidol as antipsychotic. The patients who received Risperidone have shown improved compliance, lack of negative attitude to the therapy provided as compared with the control group patients. Risperidone's most significant effects include improvement of disorganized psychic activity, recovery of active attention, dynamic and tempo parameters of activity, recovery of the capacity for unconditioned regulation of thinking and behavior, critical assessment

Молекулярные механизмы оогенеза

 This literature review is devoted to the molecular mechanisms of oogenesis and depletion of the ovarian reserve. One of the factors in this process is constantly changing environment of the ovaries, both during intrauterine development and the postnatal period. Numerous mechanisms and factors  affecting the internal environment of the female gonad are described, such as stem cell factor (SCF), which regulates migration of primordial germ cells and survival of early oocytes, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF). The capabilities of the endocrine system, namely sex steroids, which can both replenish the number of germ cells and deplete the ovarian reserve through the expression of apoptotic markers, were shown. Apoptosis causes degeneration of most of the germ cells formed during oogenesis. The molecular mechanisms and factors involved in this process are numerous.Pathways mediated by mitochondria of germ cells and external pathways mediated by receptors of the cell surface were described. A mediator between two apoptotic pathways was established – the Bid protein (BH3-interacting domain death agonist), the activation of which triggers the apoptosis mechanism of the intrafollicular microenvironment. Some other factors were identified that mediate programmed germ cell death and result in diminished ovarian reserve: eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2 K), PUMA and NOXA genes, the absence of growth factors and members of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. Changes in the epigenetic modification of chromatin in the follicular and germ cells, oxidative stress, decreased DNA repair, and the involvement of the genes BRAC1, RAD51, ERCC2, and H2AX associated with this process can also affect reproductive health and the ovarian reserve. A significant role of mitochondrial dysfunction of follicular cells in depletion of the ovarian reserve is of great interest, which leads to impaired oocyte competence, deteriorates the gamete quality, and depletes  the ovarian reserve. Therefore, oogenesis depends on a huge number of factors and the internal environment of the ovaries, the knowledge of which  can maintain the stability of the reproductive function and preserve the quality of the ovarian reserve.   Обзор литературы посвящен молекулярным механизмам оогенеза и истощения овариального резерва. Одним из аспектов данного процесса является постоянно  изменяющаяся среда яичников, как во время внутриутробной закладки, так и постнатальном периоде.  Описаны многочисленные механизмы и факторы, влияющие на внутреннюю среду женской гонады, такие как SCF,  регулирующий миграцию первичных половых клеток и выживание ранних ооцитов; инсулиноподобный фактор  роста I и фактор ингибирования лейкоцитов. Показана  возможность эндокринной системы, а именно половых  стероидов, которые способны как пополнять количество половых клеток, так и истощать овариальный запас через экспрессию апоптозных маркеров. Апоптоз вызывает дегенерацию большей части образующихся в процессе оогенеза половых клеток. Молекулярные механизмы, факторы, участвующие в данном процессе, многочисленны.Описаны собственные, опосредованные митохондриями  половых клеток и внешние, опосредованные рецепторами клеточной поверхности пути. Установлен посредник между двумя апоптозными путями – белок Bid, активация которого запускает механизм клеточной смерти  внутрифолликулярного микроокружения. Определены и  некоторые другие факторы, опосредующие  запрограммированную гибель половых клеток и, как следствие, приводящие к сокращению овариального  резерва: фактор элонгации киназа-2, гены PUMA и NOXA, отсутствие факторов роста и членов факторов некроза  опухоли. Изменения в эпигенетической модификации  хроматина в клетках гранулезы и половых клетках,  окислительный стресс, снижение репаративной способности ДНК и связанное с этим процессом участие генов репарации BRAC1, RAD51, ERCC2 и H2AX также могут повлиять на репродуктивное здоровье и фолликулярный  запас. Особо следует отметить значительную роль в истощении запаса половых клеток митохондриальной  дисфункции клеток гранулезы, что приводит к нарушению компетентности ооцитов, ухудшает качество гамет и  истощает овариальный резерв. Следовательно, оогенез зависит от огромного количества факторов и внутренней среды яичников, владение которыми способно сохранить  стабильность репродуктивной функции и качество овариального резерва.

Isoprene polymerization using heterogeneous neodymium catalysts supported by a polysiloxane covered nanodiamonds

We report new method of isoprene heterogeneous polymerization utilizing late lanthanide based catalyst and supported by a polysiloxane covered nanoparticles (nanodiamonds). The corresponding heterogeneous neodymium catalysts demonstrated superior properties in isoprene polymerization giving one and a half times higher molecular weight of resulting polymers comparing to homogeneous polymerization using the same catalyst. The part of cis-1,4 units in resulting polymers is up to 97.5%. Importantly, this strategy can achieve polymer nanocomposites with excellent distribution of nanofillers and satisfactory mechanical performance.</p