Evaluation of the spatial arrangement of Purkinje cells in ataxic rat’s cerebellum after Sertoli cells transplantation

Background: Purkinje cells (PCs) pathology is important in cerebellar disorders like ataxia. The spatial arrangement of PCs after different treatments has not been studied extensively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of cerebellum can give a proper tool for explaining the pathophysiology of PCs in ataxia. Here we stereologically analysed the 3-dimensional spatial arrangement of PCs in the cerebellum of rats after ataxia induction with 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP). Materials and methods: Ataxia was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of 3-AP (65 mg/kg). Spatial arrangement of PCs for differences in ataxic rats with (3-AP-SC) or without (3-AP) Sertoli cells (SCs) transplantation was evaluated using second-order stereology. The IHC method by using antibodies to anti-calbindin in the cerebellum was applied. Results: Our results showed that a random arrangement is at larger distances between PCs in 3-AP and 3-Ap-SC groups. Therefore the PCs are not normally arranged after 3-AP and SCs transplantation stored the spatial arrangements of the cells after ataxia induction in rats. IHC analyse shows that number of PCs was significantly improved after the SC transplantation. Conclusions: Segregation of PCs can be observed at some areas in the ataxic rats’ cerebellum. However, the spatial arrangement of PCs was unchanged in SCs transplanted rats. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 194–200

First report on natural Leishmania infection of Phlebotomus sergenti due Leishmania tropica by high resolution melting curve method in Southeastern Iran

Objective: To identify the Leishmania species in infected sand flies by Real-time PCR coupled with HRM analysis. Methods: Real-time PCR coupled with HRM analysis targeting the first iidnetenrtnifayl atrnadn sdcirsitbinegdu sispha cLeeri s(hITmSa1n) ioaf snpueccleieasr irnib soasnodm aflli eDsN sAp eacsi mtheen sg.e Rneetsiuc ltms:a rTkherre we aosu tu soef d1 1to5 females of Phlebotomus sergenti (P. sergenti) (2.6%) were positive to Leishmania tropica (L. tropica). Conclusions: This is the first report on P. sergenti as the main and proven vector of anthroponitic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Dehbakri County using Real-time PCR coupled with HRM analysis. Tidheias l mfoert hlaordg eis s craapleid g,e sneontsyiptiivneg apnrodj escptesc.ifi

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THERMAL ANNEALED AND LASER ANNEALED CDTE THIN FILMS GROWN BY RF MAGNETRON SPUTTERING

Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) is one of the promising photovoltaic materials for solar cell. The post deposition treatment is important to improve the structural, electrical and optical properties of the CdTe thin films. Hence comparative study between the thermal annealing and laser annealing was carried out is this study. The analysis portrayed important features of both the thermal annealing and laser annealing processes and both of them improved the film quality. The films were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering in high vacuum condition for 90 minutes at a growth temperature of 300°C. The CdTe thin films were then subjected to post deposition thermal and laser annealing independently. Thermal annealing was done for 15 minutes at a temperature of 400°C in vacuum condition. Laser annealing was done by illuminating the films with laser beam of 532nm wavelength with laser output energy of 60J/pulse, frequency of 10Hz and stage velocity of 0.5mm/sec. The structural analysis from XRD showed improvement in crystallinity for both the annealing process. Topography images revealed that thermal annealing reduced the surface roughness by improving the grain size. Optical analysis showed that the films had good absorbance within the visible range and the band gap ‘Eg’ for the as-grown and annealed films was approximately 1.5eV. Electrical analysis revealed that the bulk concentration improved after laser annealing and the resistivity reduced after thermal annealing was performed on the CdTe thin films

Effect of topical furosemide on intraoperative bleeding during functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Intraoperative bleeding reduction during functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a key factor in preventing surgery complications. That is implemented through prescribing systemic corticostroid before surgery. This study aimed to explore an efficient nasal Furosemide versus systematic corticosteroids to reduce intraoperative bleeding. Study Design: This study was conducted on 40 patients with bilateral nasal polyps who undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of furosemide and corticosteroids. Methods: The first group was treated with prednisolone for a week before surgery (1 mg/kg daily) and twice-daily spray by saline as placebo. The second group was treated a week before surgery by topical furosemide nasal spray and placebo pill. The surgeons' opinions about the surgery field and intraoperative blood loss were recorded in both groups. Results: Regarding intraoperative bleeding loss, the difference between furosemide group (262.1545.57 cc) and corticosteroid (232.7556.08) was not statistically significant (P value0.077). Time operation in the furosemide group was 112.812.46 minutes and in the corticosteroids was 105.7512.59 minutes that was not significant (P value0.83). No statistically significant difference was found between the median of both groups in terms of the surgery field (P value0.17). Conclusion: According to this results, when there is a restriction for the use of corticosteroids, 1 week before functional endoscopic sinus surgery the use of topical nasal furosemide can be as effective as the use of oral prednisone to reduce intraoperative bleeding. Copyright © 2016 Mutaz B. Habal, MD

Modelling and evaluating the risk of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in selected areas of Kerman Province, south of Iran

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains a public health problem in the world, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical countries. This study aimed to determine the hotspots of CL in Kerman Province of Iran and model their potential for the establishment of new disease foci. All documents related to studies conducted in Kerman Province on CL published between 1978 and 2017 were retrieved and categorized. Spatial distributions of the vector, reservoir and human infection of CL were mapped. MaxEnt ecological model was used to predict the environmental suitability of the vector and reservoir(s) of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL). The most hazardous sites with the potential for the establishment of new disease foci were determined for field operations. Statistics of new cases of CL was obtained from the Center for Disease Control (CDC) of the ministry of health for the period 2011�2016. A total of 6,056 cases of CL were recorded, while we found a decreasing pattern in the incidence of CL from 46.48 per 100,000 inhabitants to 22.97. The best ecological niches for Phlebotomus papatasi are located in the central, western, northwest and southwest regions of the province. Also, environmental suitability for the reservoirs was highest in the central, southern and southwestern regions. The model predicted the gerbils can be present in some foci of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). However, this result should be confirmed through a precise field study, and if validated, plans should be made to prevent the emergence of new foci of ZCL in the risk areas. © 2019 Blackwell Verlag Gmb

Efficacy and safety of the biosimilar denosumab candidate (Arylia) compared to the reference product (Prolia®) in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a phase III, randomized, two-armed, double-blind, parallel, active-controlled, and noninferiority clinical trial

Background/objective: Osteoporosis is a global health concern with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Denosumab is an antiresoptive agent that has been demonstrated to be effective and safe in osteoporotic patients. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the biosimilar denosumab candidate (Arylia) to the originator product (Prolia®) in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, noninferiority trial, postmenopausal osteoporotic patients received 60 mg of subcutaneous Arylia or Prolia® at months 0, 6, and 12 and were followed up for 18 months. The primary endpoint was the noninferiority of the biosimilar product to the reference product in the percentage change of bone mineral density (BMD) in 18 months at the lumbar spine (L1-L4), total hip, and femoral neck. The secondary endpoints were safety assessment, the incidence of new vertebral fractures, and the trend of bone turnover markers (BTMs). Results: A total of 190 patients were randomized to receive either biosimilar (n = 95) or reference (n = 95) denosumab. In the per-protocol (PP) analysis, the lower limits of the 95 two-sided confidence intervals of the difference between Arylia and Prolia® in increasing BMD were greater than the predetermined noninferiority margin of � 1.78 at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck sites (mean differences 95% CIs of 0.39 � 1.34 to 2.11, 0.04 � 1.61 to 1.69, and 0.41 � 1.58 to 2.40, respectively). The two products were also comparable in terms of safety, new vertebral fractures, and trend of BTMs. Conclusion: The efficacy of the biosimilar denosumab was shown to be noninferior to that of the reference denosumab, with a comparable safety profile at 18 months. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03293108; Registration date: 2017�09-19. © 2022, The Author(s)