Nebraska Deer

IN COMMON with the experience of most states, Nebraska\u27s deer herds were reduced to a very low level by excessive harvests in our early history. Most American big-game animals were overharvested in the early history of this nation because of commercialization. Buffalo were killed for their hides, deer for their meat. This slaughter continued as long as the hunter (or poacher) could sell his take at a profit. Modem game management and public opinion reversed this trend. Deer are on the way back all over America, and in some states the protection-complex was so strong that deer were restored to such high population levels as to be detrimental .to the deer, their range, and the crops of the men who own that range. In Nebraska our restoration efforts have borne fruit, and we have reached that stage where adequate harvest is becoming a major factor in our deer management problems. This bulletin is intended to give the rea der essential information concerning deer, their management, and their harvest. Public understanding and active participation in the management and use of this great resource is essential. In truth, the most important factor of all in this restoration and use of a great wildlife resource, is you, Mr. Citizen. May we have your understanding and help

Ecological effects of alternative fuel-reduction treatments: highlights of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate study (FFS)

The 12-site National Fire and Fire Surrogate study (FFS) was a multivariate experiment that evaluated ecological consequences of alternative fuel-reduction treatments in seasonally dry forests of the US. Each site was a replicated experiment with a common design that compared an un-manipulated control, prescribed fire, mechanical and mechanical + fire treatments. Variables within the vegetation, fuelbed, forest floor and soil, bark beetles, tree diseases and wildlife were measured in 10-ha stands, and ecological response was compared among treatments at the site level, and across sites, to better understand the influence of differential site conditions. For most sites, treated stands were predicted to be more resilient to wildfire if it occurred shortly after treatment, but for most ecological variables, short-term response to treatments was subtle and transient. Strong site-specificity was observed in the response of most ecosystem variables, suggesting that practitioners employ adaptive management at the local scale. Because ecosystem components were tightly linked, adaptive management would need to include monitoring of a carefully chosen set of key variables. Mechanical treatments did not serve as surrogates for fire for most variables, suggesting that fire be maintained whenever possible. Restoration to pre-settlement conditions will require repeated treatments over time, with eastern forests requiring more frequent applications.Keywords: Oak, Prescribed fire, Frequent fire regimes, Pine, Mechanical treatment, Forest thinning, Dry forest management, Seasonally dry forest

REGULATION OF PHEASANT DENSITY THROUGH NEST ABANDONMENT IN SOUTH-CENTRAL NEBRASKA

In a five-year study of the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) in south-central Nebraska, Linder, Lyon and Agee (1960) proposed that the quality of nesting environment determines the number of nests which will be successful in a given year; this regulates total production which in turn determines the following year\u27s breeding population. These conclusions were based upon the following findings: 1. A close correlation existed between the number of chicks produced and the number of hens the following spring. Because of this relationship it was concluded that mortality through fall, winter and early spring was relatively constant from year to year and adjustment to a higher or lower population level occurred during the nesting season. 2. The study area was in a region of intensive agriculture and nesting occurred in a relatively restricted acreage. Nearly 90 percent of the chicks were produced in two cover types: (1) roadside, in which early production took place and (2) wheat, where most late nesting occurred. 3. A considerable amount of renesting occurred indicating previous failures. As the total number of hens in the spring population increased, the average number of nests established per hen also increased indicating a higher rate of failure. It was suggested that in years of higher populations there was a greater incidence of voluntary abandonments. 4. The number of chicks produced was not a function of the number of hens currently in the breeding population; rather, the nesting environment appeared to govern the number of nests which was successful each year

AN ANALYSIS OF PHEASANT NESTING IN SOUTHCENTRAL NEBRASKA

The ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) constitutes the most important species of upland game bird in Nebraska. According to Mohler (1960), Nebraska\u27s population is the result of a relatively small introduction; probably not more than 500 pairs were brought into the state between the years 1915 and 1925-the period of initial establishment. Through natural increase and dispersal, aided by a program of trapping and transplanting, a population estimated to be more than one million was reached by 1930 (Swenk, 1930). The statewide population continued an upward trend until the early \u2740 \u27s and then began to decline. Coincident with these changes, there occurred apparent shifts of centers of population from one part of the state to another. It is presumed that these shifts consisted of differential changes in the population levels in various regions of the state. Nebraska,similar to many other states, inaugurated programs inc tended to increase or stabilize populations. While these efforts did not accomplish the desired results, they attested to the need for factual information upon which management programs might be founded. To be effective, any program of management must be directed at the limiting factor which prevails in the locality. The primary prerequisite to such a program is a thorough knowledge of the life history of the species to be managed and its ecology in that particular environment. In 1954, an intensive research project was begun for the purpose of gathering such information. This study, entitled The Life History and Ecology of the Ring-necked Pheasant (Pittman-Robertson Project W-28-R) , is now in its sixth year and is designated to continue until 1964. In this study, we are attempting to examine each segment of the life history and to relate it to environmental influences. One segment being given particular attention is reproduction, for extensive data have suggested that this has been closely related to population fluctuations. It is the purpose of this paper to describe work accomplished to date relative to nesting and to relate this to changes in the population

Sacramento Wildlife Development Project

During the past year, the project has been in a period of transition from a developmental phase to management and maintenance phases. At this time, most of the major developmental work has been completed, with mainly corrective or finish work remaining. Major developmental work yet to be done includes the laying of buried pipe from the wells to the lake bottom; and the design, construction and installation of suitable hunting blinds for the area. When the aforementioned work is completed the project will settle almost entirely into maintenance and management activities

Upland Game Restoration Project

It is the objective of the project to stabilize the populations of various species of small, upland game to the extent that populations will be maintained at harvestable levels in periods when those populations tend to slump. It is recognized that in Nebraska nearly all of the small, upland game is produced on private lands. Therefore, the project is designed to provide assistance to the landowners who may wish to improve the game habitat on their lands

Public Relations : Strategi dan Taktik

492 hal.;23 c

Public relations : strategi dan taktik

Jil.2491 p. : il.; 23 cm

Introduction to mass communications

xii+444hlm.;23c