Relationship between body mass index (BMI) and changes in plasma total and HDL-cholesterol levels during treatment of hypertension in African patients.

Eighty-one adult Nigerians with essential hypertension were randomly allocated to receive doxazosin, hydrochlorothiazide/amloride, or amlodipine. In each group, the patients were further classified as obese and non-obese, and total cholesterol as well as high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was determined before and after the 3-month treatment period. The total cholesterol level was significantly reduced in the non-obese patients, but did not show any significant change in the obese patients after doxazosin therapy, indicating the beneficial effects of doxazosin therapy in non-obese patients. The levels of total cholesterol increased and HDL cholesterol decreased in both the obese and the non-obese patients after hydrochlorothiazide/amloride therapy. Amlodipine treatment did not cause any significant change in the total and HDL cholesterol levels in both the obese and non-obese patients. These findings are worthy of consideration by clinicians and researchers when selecting the most appropriate drug for antihypertensive pharmacotherapy.</p

The effect of garl ic on plasma l ipids and lipoproteins in rats fed on high cholesterol enriched diet

Gar l ic has been repor ted in some populat ions to posses s hypol ipdemic ef fect in par t icular on low densi ty l ipoprotein choles terol , thus prevent ing cardiovascular disease r isk. Sixteen male albino rats of seven weeks old were purchased for this study. These weredivided into four groups of four per group. Group A was fed on a high choles terol diet and gar l ic, group B was fed on high choles terol diet only, group C was fed on normal diet (cont rols ) and group D was fed on normal diet and gar l ic. The plasma l ipids, l ipoproteins and t issues his tological appearances were determined us ing standard procedures. Resul ts showed s igni f icant decreased in the mean wet t issue weight of the kidney (

Dyslipidemia, altered erythrocyte fatty acids and selenium are associated with dementia in elderly Nigerians

Dyslipidemia, reduced omega-3 and -6 fatty acids and antioxidative nutrients are modulatory risk factors associated with dementia. Diet, genetics and environment interact with nutritional metabolism and susceptibility to neurodegeneration. This study investigated the relationship between erythrocyte fatty acids and selected antioxidant nutrients in elderly Nigerians with vascular dementia (VD) and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). Forty VD (69.03\ub18.19 years) twenty AD (71.06\ub15.0 years) and forty control (67.5\ub16.8 years) subjects were studied. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) were measured in all subjects. Venous blood sample was drawn from all subjects and erythrocytes separated for the determination of fatty acids. Plasma lipids, selenium and vitamin E levels were also measured. There were no differences in BMI, weight and height among the three groups except for systolic BP that was lower in VD (148.3\ub141.8mmHg) than AD (156\ub136mmHg). Docosahexanoic acid and eicosapentanoic acid were lower in VD (6.3\ub12.2 and 2.0\ub11.6% total fatty acids [TFA]) and AD (5.4\ub13.1 and 3.0\ub11.7 %TFA) respectively than in controls (8.9\ub13.8 and 6.0\ub14.7%TFA). No variation was recorded in linolenic and arachidonic acids. Significant increases in triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and decreased HDL-cholesterol were observed in both VD and AD when compared to controls (p&lt;0.05 in all cases). Plasma selenium levels were significantly decreased in VD and AD than in controls. Eicosapentanoic and linolenic acids concentrations were negatively correlated with plasma total cholesterol. Low levels of erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids and plasma selenium concentrations are associated with occurrence of vascular dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease in elderly Nigerians

Variations in plasma lipids and lipoproteins among cardiovascular disease patients in South-western Nigerians

This study was designed to assess the changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins, in particular high-density lipoprotein (HDLC) in patients suffering from different types of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in South-western Nigeria. Patients were drawn from different socioeconomic classes in order to determine the effect of this factor on CVD in Nigeria. One hundred and seventy (74 males, 96 females) CVD patients (hypertensive heart disease (n=48), hypertension (n=59), ischaemic heart disease (n=49), myocardial infarction (n=4)) with a mean age of 45.3\ub113.2 years were selected. Fifty-eight individuals (31 males and 27 female) with mean age of 44.8\ub111.7 years were included as controls. Result showed significant increases in mean plasma total cholesterol (TC) (P &lt; 0.05), triglyceride and low density lipoproteins (LDLC) (P &lt; 0.01), LDLC: HDLC (p &lt; 0.001), as well as in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p &lt; 0.001), while plasma HDLC (p &lt; 0.01) and HDLC:TC (p &lt; 0.001) showed significant decreases when compared with the corresponding mean control values. There were graded decreases in plasma HDLC in the different socioeconomic classes. The lowest mean plasma HDLC was found in IHD patients. This study has uncovered variations in plasma lipids and lipoproteins among patients of CVD within the different socioeconomic classes in South-western Nigeria

Changes in mediators of inflammation and pro-thrombosis after 12 months of dietary modification in adults with metabolic syndrome

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of a 12-month dietary modification on indices of inflammation and pro-thrombosis in adults with metabolic syndrome (MS).Materials and methods: This longitudinal study involved 252 adults with MS recruited from the Bodija market, Ibadan and its environs. Participants were placed on 20%, 30% and 50% calories obtained from protein, total fat and carbohydrate respectively and were followed up monthly for 12 months. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured using standard methods. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)], interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using spectrophotometric methods and ELISA as appropriate. Data was analysed using ANCOVA, Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Results: After 6 months of dietary modification, there was a significant reduction in waist circumference (WC), while the levels of HDL-C, fibrinogen and PAI-1 were significantly increased when compared with the corresponding baseline values. However, WC and fibrinogen reduced significantly, while HDL-C and IL-10 significantly increased after 12 months of dietary modification as compared with the respective baseline values.Conclusion: Long-term regular dietary modification may be beneficial in ameliorating inflammation and pro-thrombosis in metabolic syndrome.Keywords: Dietary modification, fibrinogen, interleukins, metabolic syndrome, plasminogen activator inhibito

Changes in mediators of inflammation and pro-thrombosis after 12 months of dietary modification in adults with metabolic syndrome.

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of a 12-month dietary modification on indices of inflammation and pro-thrombosis in adults with metabolic syndrome (MS). Materials and methods: This longitudinal study involved 252 adults with MS recruited from the Bodija market, Ibadan and its environs. Participants were placed on 20%, 30% and 50% calories obtained from protein, total fat and carbohydrate respectively and were followed up monthly for 12 months. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured using standard methods. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)], interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using spectrophotometric methods and ELISA as appropriate. Data was analysed using ANCOVA, Student\u2019s t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: After 6 months of dietary modification, there was a significant reduction in waist circumference (WC), while the levels of HDL-C, fibrinogen and PAI-1 were significantly increased when compared with the corresponding baseline values. However, WC and fibrinogen reduced significantly, while HDL-C and IL-10 significantly increased after 12 months of dietary modification as compared with the respective baseline values. Conclusion: Long-term regular dietary modification may be beneficial in ameliorating inflammation and pro-thrombosis in metabolic syndrome

Effect of Basiline lipid levels II: changes in plasma lipoprotein fracrions during hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride [Moduretic] treatment of hypertension

No Abstrac

Effect of baseline lipid levels I: influence on plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride changes during treatment of hypertension with a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride [Moduretic]

No Abstrac

Ascitic lipids and albumin gradient in the differentiation between cirrhotic and malignant ascites in Nigerian Africans

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ascitic fluid lipid analysis, and to compare it with albumin gradient and AF total protein in discriminating between cirrhotic ascites and ascites caused by malignancies in Nigerian patients. 40 consecutive ascitic patients, (22 with cirrhotic ascites and 18 with neoplasms metastatic to the peritoneum) were studies prospectively. The roup with liver cirrhosis (LC) consisted of non-alcoholics; 60 percent were hepatitis B surface antigen positive. The patients with malignant ascites comprised four with ovarian carcinoma; three each of lymphoma, gastric and breast carcinoma; two bronchogenic carcinoma; and one each of prostatic, testicular and colon carcinoma. The results show that AF cholesterol provides excellent discrimination between the two types of ascites. Of five diagnostic parameters tested, AF cholesterol gave the best combination of results for the predictive value of a positive test and the predictive value of a negative test. Determination of AF cholesterol and albumin gradient are useful in differentiation ascites caused by malignancies from ascites due to LC. However, AF cholesterol measurement may have considerable advantages in cost effectiveness

Athoropometric measurements and plasma proteins in protein energy malnutrition

No Abstract. Global Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 5(1) 2006: 7-1