Genome size of the European domestic goose (Anser anser domesticus)

This work is aimed at determining the C-DNA contained within the nuclei of different types of cells in the domestic goose Anser anser. Cells from the lungs, skin, pancreas, kidney, spleen, liver, heart, brain, blood, ovary and testicle were analysed. Cells from the blood, ovary and testicle were smeared onto microscopic glasses, whereas slides from the other organs and tissues were prepared using the paraffin technique. DNA content, as visualized by the Feulgen reaction using computerized image analysis, was examined in9200 nuclei of every type of cell. Chicken erythrocytes were used as reference material. Different concentrations of chromatin within cell nuclei were observed, from small, dispersed clods to an entirely filled nucleus surface. It was stated that the average C-DNA content in the domestic European goose amounts to 1.30690.327 pg, which gives goose DNA a length in base pair of 1.277 1099 0.320 109 bp after adjustment. The correlation between nucleus size and the C-DNA content was positive and high. In all cell types it exceeded 0.6. The highest was observed in lung and ovary cells, the lowest in skin and the pancreas. The majority of all cells (57.34%) contain DNA at the range between 1.0 to 1.5 pg, especially those from erythrocytes and the pancreas (82 and 76% respectively). Liver cells demonstrate a tendency toward an amount that is higher than 1.5% of the DNA (78.61% cells). Heart cells reveal a tendency downward (98.99% below 1.5 pg.). Less than 1.0 pg of DNA was observed in 17.13% of all examined cells

Comparative study of metals accumulation in cultured in vitro mycelium and naturally grown fruiting bodies of Boletus badius and Cantharellus cibarius

Cantharellus cibarius Fr. (chanterelle) and Boletus badius Pers. (bay bolete) harvested from natural sites in Poland were used to derive in vitro cultures. The optimal medium composition for cultures was developed. Concentrations of the chosen elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, and Cd) in mycelium samples were measured by means of atomic absorption spectrometry. Fe concentration in the analyzed mushroom materials was in the range 215.4–680.3 μg/g dry weight. Mean values of Mg were respectively (in micrograms per gram dry weight) 541.8 for mycelium of C. cibarius cultured in vitro and 1,004.1 for C. cibarius fruiting bodies and 928.9 for the mycelium of B. badius cultured in vitro and 906.4 for B. badius fruiting bodies. The mean concentrations of Zn were 442.7 μg/g dry weight in mycelium from in vitro cultures of B. badius and 172.1 in B. badius fruiting bodies and 131.9 in the case of C. cibarius in mycelium from in vitro cultures and 95.5 for the C. cibarius fruiting bodies. Cu exhibited a reversal tendency, i.e., the element concentrations in naturally grown mushrooms were significantly higher (43.57 μg/g dry weight for C. cibarius and 43.54 μg/g for B. badius) than in cultured in vitro mycelium (12.47 μg/g for C. cibarius and 4.17 μg/g for B. badius). Ni was found in lowest concentrations ranging from 0.33 to 1.88 μg/g dry weight. Toxic metal Cd was found in relatively high concentrations in naturally grown species (0.79 μg/g dry weight—1.02). The lowest was the concentration of Cd in C. cibarius mycelium from in vitro culture—0.06 μg/g dry weight—a bit higher than it was in the B. badius mycelium (0.21 μg/g)

Development of optimal medium content for bioelements accumulation in Bacopa monnieri (L.) in vitro culture

# The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Bacopa monnieri is one of the most interesting plants from the Ayurveda system. The aims of present research were, basing on in vitro shoot culture of B. monnieri, to determine content and to evaluate the influence of physiologically important metabolites on the selected bioelements accumulation in biomass. The most significant increase in biomass production was observed in the culture medium enriched with 0.5 mg/L of anthranilic acid. In this medium also, the highest accumulation of Mg was noted. The highest concentration of iron was determined in B. monnieri in vitro culture enriched with 0.25 g/L of serine. The addition of L-tryptophan, magnesium sulfate, and zinc hydroaspartate caused only a small increase in the accumulation of copper in B. monnieri. Increase in Zn accumulation was obtained in biomass from in vitro culture of B. monnieri with the addition of magnesium sulfate and zinc hydroaspartate. In the case of Na, the maximum level of this element was in biomass from medium enriched with zinc hydroaspartate. Twofold increase in K concentration was obtained in biomass from cultures on medium with addition of serine and magnesiu