Structural and Optical Properties of Pulse Laser Deposited Ag_2O Thin Films

We deposited Ag_2O films in PLD system on glass substrate for a fixed partial oxygen gas pressure (70 mili Torr) with the variation of laser energy from 75 to 215 mJ/Pulse. The XRD patterns confirm that the films have well crystallinity and deposited as hexagonal lattice and the crystalline size increases from 26.38 nm to 27.27 nm. The FESEM images show that the particle size of the films increases from 34.84 nm to 65.83 nm. The composition of the films is analyzed from EDX spectra which show that the percentage of oxygen increases from 41.03% to 48.38% with the increment of laser energy. From the optical characterization, it is observed that the optical band gap appears in the visible optical range in an increasing order from 0.87 to 0.98 eV with the increment of laser energy. Our analysis concludes that the Ag_2O thin films, deposited with these parameters, can be considered as a good absorbent layer for solar photovoltaic application.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 2 table

Simulation of Kerr Nonlinearity: Revealing Initial State Dependency

We simulate coherent driven free dissipative Kerr nonlinear system numerically using time evolving block decimation (TEBD) algorithm and time propagation on the Heisenberg equation of motion using Eulers method to study how the numerical results are analogous to classical bistability. The system evolves through different trajectories to stabilize different branches for different external drives and initial conditions. The Wigner state reprentation confirms the system to suffer a residual effect of initial state throughout the non-classical dynamical evolution and the steady state of the system. Furthermore, we also see the numerically simulated spectral density remains significantly different from analytical counterparts when initial states do not lie to the same branch of the final state.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure

Back-Action Evading Measurement in Gravitational Wave Detectors to Overcome Standard Quantum Limit, Using Negative Radiation Pressure

Aiming at application for gravitational wave (GW) detection, we propose a novel scheme how to obtain quantum back action evading measurements performed on an opto-mechanical cavity, by introducing a negative radiation pressure coupling between the cavity field and the end mirror. The scheme consists of introducing a double cavity with end mirrors interlocked by a pivot and moving in opposite directions. The measurement is performed by sending a two-mode squeezed vacuum to both cavities and detecting the output through the heterodyne detection. Compared to the previously proposed hybrid negative mass spin-optomechanical system in Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 031101 (2018), we see that our scheme is capable to suppress back action noise by nearly two orders of magnitude more in the lower frequency region. Overall, the setup has been able to squeeze the output noise below the standard quantum limit, with more efficiency. In addition, the scheme has also proven to be beneficial for reducing thermal noise by a significant amount. We confirm our result by a numerical analysis and compared it with the previous proposal Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 031101 (2018).Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Optimal Role Assignment for Multiplayer Reach-Avoid Differential Games in 3D Space

In this article an $n$-pursuer versus $m$-evader reach-avoid differential game in 3D space is studied. A team of evaders aim to reach a stationary target while avoiding capture by a team of pursuers. The multiplayer scenario is formulated in a differential game framework. This article provides an optimal solution for the particular case of $n=m=1$ and extends it to a more general scenario of $n\geq m$ via an optimal role assignment algorithm based on a linear program. Consequently, the pursuer and the evader winning regions, and the Value of the game are analytically characterized providing optimal strategies of the players in state feedback form

Interpretasi Pajak Dan Implikasinya Menurut Perspektif Wajib Pajak Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Dan Menengah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interpretasi Pajak Penghasilan menurut Wajib Pajak Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah dan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman Wajib Pajak Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah terhadap pajak penghasilan menurut kacamata fiskus. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif studi interpretatif, dimana peneliti mencoba melihat bagaimana Wajib Pajak Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah di Surakarta menginterpretasikan pajak dan implikasinya. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di Surakarta. Dalam penelitian ini jumlah informan yang akan diwawancarai tidak dapat ditentukan jumlahnya karena pengumpulan sampelnya menggunakan cara judgedment. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini, meliputi: survei pendahuluan, survei kepustakaan, dan pengumpulan data lapangan. analisis data kualitatif dilakukan secara interaktif, meliputi: reduksi data, penyajian data, menarik kesimpulan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Wajib Pajak UMKM di KPP Pratama Surakarta memiliki interpretasi yang baik terhadap kewajibannya membayar pajak penghasilan, Kewajiban membayar pajak memberikan implikasi yang mengarah pada suatu kerepotan dan menambah beban wajib pajak, tingkat pemahaman wajib pajak UMKM terhadap pengenaan pajak penghasilan sudah cukup bagus, namun ada juga UMKM yang merasa keberatan jika sebagian harta mereka digunakan untuk membayar pajak

Frequency-agile filtering antennas for S-band and X-band applications

Multi-functional, highly flexible, and tightly integrated Radio-Frequency Front-Ends (RFFEs) are at the forefront of the current developments to improve the performance of next-generation wireless RF systems. In the past decade, filtering antennas, or filtennas, have emerged as a potential solution to minimize the Radio-frequency system's cost and complexity while maximizing performance in a highly integrated module. The RF co-design approach of combining the filtering and radiation functionalities into a single unit is beneficial for improving a system's Signal-to-Noise (SNR) performance while limiting interference in a congested frequency spectrum. Furthermore, frequency-agile filtennas can enhance an RF system's adaptation to changing radio environments. The work presented in this thesis utilizes conventional bandpass filter synthesis techniques to enhance the performance of tunable filtennas for next-generation RFFEs. By using high-$Q$ Evanescent-mode (EVA-mode) cavity resonators and highly efficient slot antennas, multiple filtenna designs are demonstrated. First, the building blocks of the filtennas are individually developed. A novel Evanescent-mode Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna (ECBSA) with contactless capacitive tuning is designed for radiation functionality. Long-range external linear actuators are deployed to tune the critical gap size of the cavity. Experimental results of the antenna demonstrate a high power-handling capacity and wide tuning from 1.7 GHz to 2.6 GHz (40\%). The ECBSA is then integrated with a contactless-tuned EVA-mode resonator to form a 2nd-order tunable filtenna. The fabricated filtenna demonstrates frequency tuning from 2-2.6 GHz (26\%), with a peak realized gain ranging from 2.7~dB to 5.2~dB. The filtenna showed excellent tuning reliability due to the deployed closed-loop monitoring system and exhibits state-of-the-art performance in the class of tunable cavity-based filtennas. The frequency scalability of the tunable filtenna is next investigated in the X-band (8-12~GHz) frequency regime. A new filtenna structure and tuning scheme is conceptualized by incorporating varactor diodes on a novel superstrate-loaded cavity-backed slot antenna. The performance trade-offs and loss analysis is completed by analyzing the resistive losses associated with tuning varactors. In addition, a new technique is proposed to estimate a varactor's quality factor for high-frequency applications. The proposed method does not require any calibration or de-embedding processes. The varactor-$Q$ estimation technique can effectively estimate the bias and frequency-dependent varactor quality factor for any reconfigurable RF application

Tooth Discoloration :-A Nontoxic Approach Towards The Treatment

Oral cavity is known as the house of all microbes. Bacteria mainly grow and starts colonize here. In human life structures, the mouth is the first pathway for which our body that gets nourishment and saliva. Many types of oral diseases can seen in our oral cavity e.g, dental caries, periodontal disease, black stained teeth, gingivitis, dental plaqe. Oral microbes include streptococci, lactobacilli, staphylococci, corynebacteria, and different anaerobes specifically bacteroides. The oral cavity of the new-born babies does not contain microorganisms but rather quickly gets to be colonized with microbes, for example, Streptococcus salivarius. Black stained teeth or teeth blackening mainly seen in case of childrens. It is a common problem now-a-days. Teeth blackening mainly occur due to several reasons. In case of children it may be causes due to taking of heavy amount of chocolate, cold drinks and in case of adults it occurs may be due to heavy smoking, taking heavy amount of tea or coffee (8-10)times per day, but in some cases it occurs due to certain types of bacteria. So far there is no proper treatment for this disease. The aim of the thesis is to treat teeth blackening by using some non-toxic approach

Primary ovarian carcinoid tumor arising within a mature cystic teratoma

Primary carcinoid tumor of the ovary in association with a mature cystic teratoma is very rare. Preoperative diagnosis of this tumor is difficult, particularly in the absence of symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. Here, we report a case of a premenopausal woman who underwent operative treatment due to an ovarian mass. The ovary was cystic with a solid mural nodule. Microscopically, the cyst wall revealed features of mature teratoma while the nodule showed features of a low-grade insular carcinoid. Synaptophysin and CD56 were positive. Ki67 index was low. No evidence of primary gastrointestinal or respiratory malignancy was found. The histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of this tumor, its intimate association with a mature cystic teratoma and the absence of primary malignancy elsewhere were compatible with the diagnosis of a primary ovarian insular carcinoid tumor. This case is reported to raise the awareness of a rare tumor entity among the pathology and gynecologic communities