Exactly solvable PT\mathcal{PT}-symmetric models in two dimensions

Non-hermitian, $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Hamiltonians, experimentally realized in optical systems, accurately model the properties of open, bosonic systems with balanced, spatially separated gain and loss. We present a family of exactly solvable, two-dimensional, $\mathcal{PT}$ potentials for a non-relativistic particle confined in a circular geometry. We show that the $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry threshold can be tuned by introducing a second gain-loss potential or its hermitian counterpart. Our results explicitly demonstrate that $\mathcal{PT}$ breaking in two dimensions has a rich phase diagram, with multiple re-entrant $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetric phases.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Study of atomic collisions by charged particles

The Present study of collision processes involving positive ions provides a sensitive test of the approximate method to develop positron and electron scattering and yields useful information about the role of different works in collision dynamics. This study of laser assisted collision process involves an accurate description of the projectile and the target states in the presence of laser field.Â

Assessment of the outcome of fracture proximal humerus transdeltoid versus deltopectoral approach with PHILOS

Introduction: Fracture proximal humerus accounts for 4 percent of all fractures. Out of all the humerus fractures, proximal fractures accounts for 26%. According to the Neer’s classification, 2, 3- and 4-part fracture are difficult to achieve stable fixation. In this study, we want to assess whether the different surgical approach, deltopectoral and transdeltoid approach, used for the stabilization of the fracture proximal humerus effects on the outcome of the surgery.Method: A total of 30 patients with fracture proximal humerus 2, 3 and 4-part were included in this study and were divided into 2 groups. In group 1, 15 patients were taken and were operated by deltopectoral approach, while in group 2, 15 patients were taken and operated by transdeltoid approach. All the fixation was done by PHILOS.Result: In group 1, out of 3 patients having 2-part fracture, 2 had excellent result and 1 had fair result. Out of 4 patients having 3-part fracture, 3 had good outcome and 1 had fair result. Out of 6 patients having 4-part fracture, 1 had good outcome. In group 2, out of the 3 patients having 2-part fracture, 1 had excellent outcome and 2 had good outcome. Out of the 4 patients having 3-part fracture, 1 had excellent outcome, 3 had good outcome. Out of the 6 patients having 4-part fracture, 3 had good result.Conclusions: Deltopectoral approach is recommended for calcar reconstruction that provides better visibility of medial calcar reduction while transdeltoid approach is recommended for greater tuberosity reduction that provides better visibility of greater tuberosity

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy for renal pelvis stone in a crossed fused ectopic kidney: a case report

Crossed renal ectopia is the second most common fusion anomaly of the kidney after horseshoe kidney. The incidence of both fused and unfused cases is 1 in 7000 in autopsies. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) is a well-established technique in the surgical management of nephrolithiasis. The conventional fluoroscopic guidance of PCNL will be of limited value in ectopic anomalous kidneys due to the abnormal anatomical landmarks with consequent compromise of the procedure’s safety.  A 30-year old male patient, previously healthy, presented to our urology outpatient clinic complaining of dull flank pain of six month duration with tenderness in the right renal area and an enlarged right kidney and 1 episode of gross haematuria. Radiological investigations showed left side crossed ectopia with nephrolithiasis. Patient was managed successfully by fluoroscopic guided percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. The position of the stone-containing ectopic kidney can make it easy to reach the pelvis of the target kidney without injuring any adjoining structure. The superimposition of the different soft tissue densities in the radiologic view may limit the ability of the operator to distinguish between different tissue identities. Laparoscopic guidance can represent as a practical solution to this technical problem

Evaluation of functional outcome of tibial plateau fractures managed by different surgical modalities

Background: Tibial plateau makes up one of the most important weight bearing surface. Its fractures are commonly faced entity encompassing a wide spectrum of injuries of variable fracture morphology. Due to in-crease in incidence of high velocity trauma and higher functional demands of patients, surgery is warranted in most of the cases. Although, there is advancement in fracture fixation methods, apt treatment of tibial plateau fractures still remains controversial.Methods: In our series, we analyzed the functional outcomes of 58 of surgically treated tibial plateau fractures. Fractures were classified with Schatzker’s classification. Various fixation modalities of fixation were employed. Functional outcome was evaluated with modified Rasmussen’s criteria.Results: Most of the patient’s belonged to younger age groups (58.62%) and males (79.31%) were predominately involved. Road traffic accidents were the most common etiological factor (70.69%). Schatzker types I (29.31%) and II (27.59%) were the most common observed fracture type. The majority of the patients had a complication free recovery (81.03%). Infection was reported in only one case (1.72%). Similarly, malunion was noticed in only in one case (1.72%). None of the patients had complications like nonunion or neurovascular damage. The functional outcome assessment according to Modified Rasmussen’s criteria at the end of 12 months showed the excellent functional outcome in 41 (70.68%), good in eight (13.79%), fair in five (10.34%) and poor in four (6.9%) patients.Conclusions: Surgical treatment of tibial plateau fractures is challenging, yet it helps in achieving excellent anatomical restoration and rigid fracture fixation enabling in the restoration of articular congruity and facilitation of early knee motion thus achieving optimal knee function