Economic Analysis of Tomato Cultivation in Kandi Block of West-Bengal, India

In the present study an attempt has been made to study the economic analysis of tomato cultivation in Kandi block, Murshidabad district, West Bengal. For this 60 tomato growers selected from the study area. The primary data for the agriculture year 2016-17 were collected by personal interviews of the selected farmer, using a multistage sampling method with the help of pre-tested survey schedule. The main objectives were to analyze the cost and return structure of tomato cultivation and to identify the major constraints faced by the farmers in tomato cultivation. The total sample size was 60. Simple statistical tools like Averages, percentages, cost concepts and garrett ranking were used to interpret the results properly. The overall findings of the study reveal that the cost of cultivation of tomato  was ` 50879.94 out of which total variable cost was ` 40456.52. The net income of the farmers per acre.was ` 83385.80. Output in the study area found to be 8853 kg per acre and cost of production was estimated ` 5.74 per kg. The major constraints identified in tomato cultivation were Non availability of institutional support, disease and pest attack, high cost of seeds, high cost of pesticides and high cost of labours during peak season etc

Treatment of intertrochanteric femur fracture in elderly patients with the proximal femoral nail antirotation: evaluation in terms of union and functional outcome

Background: Trochanteric fractures almost invariably occur as a result of a trivial fall involving both direct and indirect forces. Fixation in the geriatric population generally consists of weakened, osteoporotic bone; intramedullary devices (PFNA) carry an advantage over other load sharing devices by not having to depend on plate fixation with bone screws purchasing a compromised lateral cortex. The purpose of the present study is to verify the theoretical advantages of the proximal femoral nail in elderly osteoporotic patients and eventually functional outcome of the patient.Method: A total of 30 patients with age >60 years with intertrochanteric femur fractures managed with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation for prospective study. Harris hip score had been used in our study for regular follow up and evaluation at each and every follow up visit.Results: Average Harris hip score at the end of study showed mean value of 87, ranged from 65 to 94 with almost 73% patients showing excellent or good outcome. And 100% fractures got united with a good component position and average time to bone healing was 14 weeks.Conclusions: PFNA are now favored in western countries and there are multiple studies coming from that region to support this. Due to advantages of high union rate, early postoperative mobilization, and short operation time, PFNA osteosynthesis is the method of choice for surgical treatment of stable and unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric femoral fractures

Proteus syndrome: a case report with bone scintigraphy findings

Proteus syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterized by an asymmetrical overgrowth of skin, bones, muscles, fatty tissues, and blood and lymphatic vessels. We present a case of a six-year-old boy with proteus syndrome who underwent bone scintigraphy for suspected osteomyelitis. Bone scintigraphy ruled out osteomyelitis and suggested cellulitis. In addition, it demonstrated striking characteristic deformities, which need to be emphasized. Knowledge of these findings will avoid misinterpretation of bone scintigraphy in patients with proteus syndrome

SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion

Abstract: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in the state of Maharashtra in late 2020 and spread throughout India, outcompeting pre-existing lineages including B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha)1. In vitro, B.1.617.2 is sixfold less sensitive to serum neutralizing antibodies from recovered individuals, and eightfold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies, compared with wild-type Wuhan-1 bearing D614G. Serum neutralizing titres against B.1.617.2 were lower in ChAdOx1 vaccinees than in BNT162b2 vaccinees. B.1.617.2 spike pseudotyped viruses exhibited compromised sensitivity to monoclonal antibodies to the receptor-binding domain and the amino-terminal domain. B.1.617.2 demonstrated higher replication efficiency than B.1.1.7 in both airway organoid and human airway epithelial systems, associated with B.1.617.2 spike being in a predominantly cleaved state compared with B.1.1.7 spike. The B.1.617.2 spike protein was able to mediate highly efficient syncytium formation that was less sensitive to inhibition by neutralizing antibody, compared with that of wild-type spike. We also observed that B.1.617.2 had higher replication and spike-mediated entry than B.1.617.1, potentially explaining the B.1.617.2 dominance. In an analysis of more than 130 SARS-CoV-2-infected health care workers across three centres in India during a period of mixed lineage circulation, we observed reduced ChAdOx1 vaccine effectiveness against B.1.617.2 relative to non-B.1.617.2, with the caveat of possible residual confounding. Compromised vaccine efficacy against the highly fit and immune-evasive B.1.617.2 Delta variant warrants continued infection control measures in the post-vaccination era

Economic Analysis of Tomato Cultivation in Kandi Block of West-Bengal, India

In the present study an attempt has been made to study the economic analysis of tomato cultivation in Kandi block, Murshidabad district, West Bengal. For this 60 tomato growers selected from the study area. The primary data for the agriculture year 2016-17 were collected by personal interviews of the selected farmer, using a multistage sampling method with the help of pre-tested survey schedule. The main objectives were to analyze the cost and return structure of tomato cultivation and to identify the major constraints faced by the farmers in tomato cultivation. The total sample size was 60. Simple statistical tools like Averages, percentages, cost concepts and garrett ranking were used to interpret the results properly. The overall findings of the study reveal that the cost of cultivation of tomato  was ` 50879.94 out of which total variable cost was ` 40456.52. The net income of the farmers per acre.was ` 83385.80. Output in the study area found to be 8853 kg per acre and cost of production was estimated ` 5.74 per kg. The major constraints identified in tomato cultivation were Non availability of institutional support, disease and pest attack, high cost of seeds, high cost of pesticides and high cost of labours during peak season etc

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Neural network inspired efficient scalable task scheduling for cloud infrastructure

The rapid development of Cloud Computing in the 21st Century is landmark occasion, not only in the field of technology, but also in the field of engineering and services. The development in cloud architecture and services has enabled fast and easy transfer of data from one unit of a network to other. Cloud services support the latest transport services like smart cars, smart aviation services and many others. In the current trend, smart transport services depend on the performance of cloud Infrastructure and its services. Smart cloud services derive real time computing and allows it to make smart decision. For further improvement in cloud services, cloud resource optimization is a vital cog that defines the performance of cloud. Cloud services have certainly aimed to make the optimum use of all available resources to the become as cost efficient and time efficient as possible. One of the issues that still occur in multiple Cloud Environments is a failure in task execution. While there exist multiple methods to tackle this problem in task scheduling, in the recent times, the use of smart scheduling techniques has come to prominence. In this work, we aim to use the Harmony Search Algorithm and neural networks to create a fault aware system for optimal usage of cloud resources. Cloud environments are in general expected to be free of any errors or faults but with time and experience, we know that no system can be faultless. With our approach, we are looking to create the best possible time-efficient system for faulty environments, Where the result shows that the proposed harmony search-inspired ANN model provides least execution time, number of task failures, power consumption and high resource utilization as compared to recent Red fox and Crow search inspired models