Creating order out of chaos : role of antenatal ultrasound in diagnosis

Background: Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a rare fetal anomaly characterized by obstruction of the higher fetal airway. This could be either complete or incomplete and is more commonly seen at the subglottic level, resulting in a spectrum of characteristic secondary features. Case Report: In this case study, we report two cases of CHAOS with one showing laryngeal atresia and the other, tracheal atresia. Both these cases showed characteristic findings on a detailed, meticulous USG examination which led to this diagnosis. Conclusions: Early and accurate diagnosis offers a window of opportunity for parental counseling and management using procedures such as EXIT (ex-utero intrapartum procedure). Earlier, CHAOS was thought to be incompatible with life; however, with the advent of ex-utero intrapartum procedure, a few cases of post-natal survival have been noted in the literature. In this article, we emphasize the sonographic findings found in CHAOS. Early diagnosis offers an opportunity for a intrauterine fetal intervention in potentially lethal cases

There is No Big Brother or Small Brother: Knowledge Infusion in Language Models for Link Prediction and Question Answering

The integration of knowledge graphs with deep learning is thriving in improving the performance of various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. In this paper, we focus on knowledge-infused link prediction and question answering using language models, T5, and BLOOM across three domains: Aviation, Movie, and Web. In this context, we infuse knowledge in large and small language models and study their performance, and find the performance to be similar. For the link prediction task on the Aviation Knowledge Graph, we obtain a 0.2 hits@1 score using T5-small, T5-base, T5-large, and BLOOM. Using template-based scripts, we create a set of 1 million synthetic factoid QA pairs in the aviation domain from National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) reports. On our curated QA pairs, the three models of T5 achieve a 0.7 hits@1 score. We validate out findings with the paired student t-test and Cohen's kappa scores. For link prediction on Aviation Knowledge Graph using T5-small and T5-large, we obtain a Cohen's kappa score of 0.76, showing substantial agreement between the models. Thus, we infer that small language models perform similar to large language models with the infusion of knowledge

Machining Characteristics and Parametric Optimisation of Inconel 825 during Electric Discharge Machining

This paper presents the machining characteristics and parametric optimisation of Inconel 825 during die-sinking electrical discharge machining (EDM) process. This work considers seven input parameters out of which six are of three levels and one is of one level. Metal removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR) have been considered as performance measures. Before carrying out physical experimental runs, the experiments have been designed using Taguchi’s L36 (21 × 36) orthogonal array (OA). In order to identify the significant input parameters, Analysis of Variance has been employed on the experimental data. Discharge current, pulse-on-time, tool material and tool electrode lift time are found as significant input parameters. The effects of these significant parameters on the performance measures have been presented using Taguchi\u27s technique. After machining, study of surface characteristics of the electric discharged machined surface has been carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These studies help in obtaining the information pertaining to topography of the machined surface, material transfer from tool and dielectric to the machined surface, and presence of extra element and their different phases at the machined surface. It has been found from the research that Carbon, Oxygen, Iron, Nickel, Chromium and little amount of Molybdenum are transferred to the surface of work piece. Further, for the best yield of the process, the optimal combination of input parameters has been obtained and reported using Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) as a multi-objective optimisation technique. Consideration of two different dielectric fluids and three different electrode materials is the novelty of the work

To Study The Reduction And Swelling Behaviour Of Iron Ore Pellets.

Due to low availability of coking coal and huge establishment cost of Blast Furnace plants, the predominant route of Iron making has meandered away from this conventional route to a modern route of Iron making. This route involves production of Directly Reduced Iron (DRI) using non-coking coal and gases as the reducing agent. The commercial name of DRI is Sponge Iron owing to its spongy appearance since the ore is reduced in solid rather than liquid state. Since DRI can work with low quality non-coking coal, it makes the best possible usage of cheap coal available in India. High availability of low- quality and iron-ore and coal, the low establishment cost of DRI plants has over the years attracted multitude of opportunist to earn a fortune in this sector. India is the leading producer of sponge iron in world, producing nearly about 30% of the total DRI world production. In spite of these hearting figures a very little research has been carried out regarding the physical and chemical behavior of Iron-ore pellets when reduced using non coking coal. The present project work endeavors to study the reduction and swelling behavior of Iron-ore of Sakurruddin mines using coal obtained from Vasundhara mines. The first chapter gives a concise overview of the present DRI market and the position of India amongst other world players in its production. The second chapter deals with literature review, the third with the selection of ore, preparation of pellets and the reduction of the pellet ore. The chapter deals with the experimental findings of the scholars followed by conclusion, future work suggestions. At the end an inventory of references has been mentioned in order to allow the reader to carry out a more detailed investigation if required

Comparison of the outcomes of pull through suturing vs. tension band wiring fixation techniques in the management of patellar fractures

Background: Operative fixation of displaced patella fractures has now become the standard of care. This study aims to asses functional outcomes, as well as identify complications in a patients treated with non-absorbable braided suture fixation for patellar fractures. These patients were then compared to a group of patients treated with K-wires with tension band wiring.Methods: This study was conducted on the patients admitted to orthopaedic ward at MGM medical college and hospital, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai. Total number of patients was taken for this study. Patients were followed up for a period of 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and at each visit. Patients were assessed by Lysholm knee score.Results: The mean age was 43.33 years for TB wiring group and 46.26 years for pull through suturing group. Out of 30, 15 were in TB wiring group in which 14 males and 1 female and, 15 in pull through suturing group 4 females and 11 males. The mean Lysholm knee score at 6 weeks for TB wiring group was 68.2 at 3 months was 81.4 at 6 months was 87. The mean Lysholm knee score for 6 weeks for pull through suturing was 69.2, at 3 months was 72.5 and at 6 months was 79.2.Conclusions: Patella fracture most common fractures, in this study we have discussed two modalities of treatment one is TB wiring and second is pull through suturing showing results that TB wiring have better results

Lightening Driven Wind Turbines Blade Damages

Lightning-induced damages to wind turbine blades are widely recognized as severe and can result in unplanned plant shutdowns. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate the different causes of blade damage and categorize them based on their severity and other relevant factors. By conducting a comprehensive study on the classification of damage characteristics caused by wind turbine blades, taking into account various causes and protective measures, this research aims to provide valuable insights for individuals involved in wind turbine design, construction, and operation. Specifically focusing on damages caused by lightning strikes, this paper also proposes several potential countermeasures to safeguard the blades

Low-pressure Chemical Vapour Deposition of Silicon Nanoparticles:Synthesis and Characterisation

emiconductor nanostructures such as quantum wells, quantum wires or quantum dots exhibit superior properties in comparison to their bulk forms. Quantum dots are described aszero-dimensional electron gas system, as carriers are confined in all the three directions. Densityof states is discrete function of energy. Allowed energy spectrum is discrete like in an atom.Energy band gap is broadened due to carriers confinement. Semiconductor quantum dots exhibittypical coulomb blockade characteristic which is exploited for development of new generationof nanoelectronic devices namely single-electron transistor, memories, etc, whose operationdepends on quantum mechanical tunneling of carriers through energy barriers. Thesesemiconductor nanostructures emit light in visible range upon excitation by optical means. Inrecent years,  research  has been focused on different nano-scale materials; metals (Au, Ag, Fe,Mn, Ni), metal oxides (SnO2, ZnO2), compound semiconductors (GaAs, GaAlAs, CdSe, CdS,GaN), and elemental semiconductors (silicon and germanium). As silicon is the most favouredmaterial in the established integrated circuits manufacturing technology, research is being donefor controlled synthesis and characterisation of Si nanoparticles. The Si nanoparticles havebeen synthesised on oxide and nitride layers over  Si substrate by IC technology compatiblelow-pressure chemical vapour deposition technique. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)characterisation has been extensively carried out on the samples. It is shown that the tip radiusand shape of tip lead to less accurate estimate of the actual size. The AFM images have been evaluated based on the real surface topography and shape of the tip. Photolumine scence (PL) studies have been performed to characterise the samples. The PL measurements showed visiblelight emission from synthesised silicon nanoparticles.Defence Science Journal, 2008, 58(4), pp.550-558, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.58.167

2016: Analysis of the Effectiveness of Varying Car-sharing Business Models

A continually evolving field, the automotive industry consistently introduces a number of innovative technologies and services to ease the problem of transportation. One such service is termed Car-sharing. Car-sharing allows users to rent vehicles and use them for a short period of time without worrying about the additional costs associated with maintenance, fuel, and pollution, presenting a simple alternative to owning a car. Still an emerging concept, Car-sharing requires a great deal more analysis to fully understand the nuances and implications behind its implementation