ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATION OF TIME OF ARRIVAL AND RECEIVED SIGNAL STRENGTH IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION FOR INDOOR GEOLOCATION

Analysis and estimation of the time of  arrival and received signal strength  for indoor geolocation using MATLAB describes an indoor geolocation localization  which either  use the received signal strength (RSS) or time of arrival (TOA) of the received signal as their localization  metric. Though time of arrival based systems are sensitive to the available bandwidth and also to the occurrence of undetected direct path (UDP) channel conditions which RSS based system are less sensitive to the bandwidth as more resilient to undetected conditions.  This paper demonstrate the availability of radio channel modeling techniques to eliminate the costly finger printing process in pattern recognition algorithms by introducing ray tracing (RT) assisted  by RSS and TOA based algorithms. The results in figure 8 which shows the effect of pathloss on signal reception, showing free path loss reduces when plotted with rhe height  of the building  which can be used for achieving localization. it was also disovered that path loss also contributes to signal delay, the plot in figure 12  which is a probability distribution of received signal strength at different location which detect signal at the point where maximum signal was received , this RSS at fixed positions can be used to determine  geolocation

ZIGBEE BASED WIRELESS PATIENT TEMPERATURE AND PULSE MONITORING SYSTEM

Many health monitoring systems exist due to the fact that health monitoring is paramount as it is useful to indicate life in the human body. Despite the many systems that exist, life is still being threatened as low sensitivity and accuracy devices are still being used. Also, many health institutions in developing countries like Nigeria are still faced with the challenge of remotely monitoring unstable and critical patients. This project describes the design and implementation of a human pulse rate and temperature monitoring device based on zigbee technology. It presents the use of high sensitivity and accuracy devices such as the thermistor for temperature monitoring and the use of disposable ECG electrodes for pulse rate monitoring. The system consists basically of the transmitting and the receiving units. Zigbee technology is used for wireless transmission and results are displayed via a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). Subsequently, as a means to measure performance, three samples collected from available results were used and compared with the results obtained from project. The results show 87.2%, 89.5% and 88.1% accuracy for temperature measurement and 98.39%, 97.23% and 98.58% accuracy in pulse rate measurement for the three samples. The device remotely measures human temperature and pulse in real time and can be used in especially small scale hospitals and clinical environments. The device is also user friendly and cost effective

Analysis of Wavelet Transform Design via Filter Bank Technique

The technique of filter banks has been extensively applied in signal processing in the last three decades. It provides a very efficient way of signal decomposition, characterization, and analysis. It is also the main driving idea in almost all frequency division multiplexing technologies. With the advent of wavelets and subsequent realization of its wide area of application, filter banks became even more important as it has been proven to be the most efficient way a wavelet system can be implemented. In this chapter, we present an analysis of the design of a wavelet transform using the filter bank technique. The analysis covers the different sections which make up a filter bank, i.e., analysis filters and synthesis filters, and also the upsamplers and downsamplers. We also investigate the mathematical properties of wavelets, which make them particularly suitable in the design of wavelets. The chapter then focuses attention to the particular role the analysis and the synthesis filters play in the design of a wavelet transform using filter banks. The precise procedure by which the design of a wavelet using filter banks can be achieved is presented in the last section of this chapter, and it includes the mathematical techniques involved in the design of wavelets

Low-cost and Efficient Fault Detection and Protection System for Distribution Transformer

Distribution transformers are a vital component of electrical power transmission and distribution system. Frequent Monitoring transformers faults before it occurs can help prevent transformer faults which are expensive to repair and result in a loss of energy and services. The present method of the routine manual check of transformer parameters by the electricity board has proven to be less effective. This research aims to develop a low-cost protection system for the distribution transformer making it safer with improved reliability of service to the users. Therefore, this research work investigated transformer fault types and developed a microcontroller-based system for transformer fault detection and protection system using GSM (the Global System of Mobile Communication) technology for fault reporting. The developed prototype system was tested using voltage, current and temperature, which gave a threshold voltage higher than 220 volts to be overvoltage, a load higher than 200 watts to be overload and temperature greater than 39 degrees Celsius to be over temperature was measured. From the results, there was timely detection of transformer faults of the system, the transformer protection circuits were fully functional, and fault reporting was achieved using the GSM device. Overall, 99% accuracy was achieved. The system can thus be recommended for use by the Electricity Distribution Companies to protect distribution transformers for optimal performance, as the developed system makes the transformers more robust, and intelligent. Hence, a real-time distribution transformer fault monitoring and prevention system is achieved and the cost of transformer maintenance is reduced to an extent

Adaptive Monitoring and Localization of Faulty Node in a Wireless Sensor Network

This work seeks to solve the problem that is being experienced in most existing remote monitoring systems by coming up with an enhanced monitoring system called Wireless Sensor Network. A Personal Area Network was evolved to increase the coverage area by spatially distributing Sensor nodes to capture and transmit physical parameters like temperature and Carbon monoxide in an indoor local cooking environment. Faulty node detection and localization was also realized, this was achieved by coming up with an algorithm that logically considers the receive signal strength value of -100 dbm as threshold, Result of data transmitted were viewed via a C-Sharp interface for Adaptive monitoring. The result from the Visual Basic plot shows that the Sensor nodes were able to capture temperature range of between 250C  to 510C  while the result of the CO emission shows an interval of 0.01g/m3  to 30.0 g/m3. A comparison between data transmitted at source and data received at the destination (sink) was carried out, a ranking test was used to validate the data received, a 0.9325 correlation value was obtained which shows a high level of integrity of 93.25% .                                                              

Modelling of Dynast Simulator to Controlling Speed in a DC Motor using Proportional Integral Derivative Controller

Modelling of DYNAST simulator to controlling speed in a DC motor using proportional integral derivative controller is work aimed at designing, analyzing, and modeling of a DC motor speed control using Proportional Integral Derivatives Controller (PID). It entails how a PID controller can be used to achieve a desired speed response in a dc motor speed control. It presents a detailed simulation of how this PID controller and technology is added to the DC motor speed control with their varying parameters for desired response. Using the Dynast Shell Simulator shows the hardware and it sub system in their simulated platform without the use of complex equations to achieve your aim. This paper relates the place of PID technology in the present control discipline, how it reduces and eliminates errors in the control processes using Dynast Shell Simulator, it came up with a  designs of dc motor speed control with and without PID. The work demonstrated that with proportional band at kp=100, an ki=200, the controller output is proportional to the error or a change in measurement (depending on the controller).

Polyphenol Extraction for the Enhancement of Food Lipid Quality, with an Emphasis on the Roles of Extraction Technologies, Moisture and Drying Temperature

Polyphenols increase food lipid quality, the taste, stability, and health advantages of lipids in different dietary applications. Polyphenol content depends on the extraction process, moisture, and drying temperature. Polyphenol due to antioxidant and antibacterial capabilities, natural compounds, are used to improve dietary lipid quality. However, polyphenol extraction has been a very challenging task that has caused drawback in the fortification of food lipid. Extraction process of polyphenol and solvent, solid-phase, and supercritical fluid extraction techniques has been analysed. Moisture and drying temperature affect extraction efficiency quality. Optimised polyphenol extraction in the connections between polyphenols, extraction technique, moisture, and drying temperature needs to be more examined. Polyphenols role in dietary lipid quality is discussed, and food source polyphenol content needs to be well researched. Drying temperature impacts extraction efficiency as it was carried out in previous research, and moisture content affects polyphenol solubility. Polyphenol extraction improves lipid quality in olive oil enrichment, meat, poultry, dairy, nutritional supplements, and bread and confectionery goods. Stability, extraction efficiency, selectivity, standardisation, sustainability, and industrial adoption are still issues. Stability, preservation, green extraction, and industrial scalability are research priorities. Complicated interactions need to be understood for future research directions in polyphenol extraction for lipid quality enhancement

Build your own closed loop: Graph-based proof of concept in closed loop for autonomous networks

Next Generation Networks (NGNs) are expected to handle heterogeneous technologies, services, verticals and devices of increasing complexity. It is essential to fathom an innovative approach to automatically and efficiently manage NGNs to deliver an adequate end-to-end Quality of Experience (QoE) while reducing operational expenses. An Autonomous Network (AN) using a closed loop can self-monitor, self-evaluate and self-heal, making it a potential solution for managing the NGN dynamically. This study describes the major results of building a closed-loop Proof of Concept (PoC) for various AN use cases organized by the International Telecommunication Union Focus Group on Autonomous Networks (ITU FG-AN). The scope of this PoC includes the representation of closed-loop use cases in a graph format, the development of evolution/exploration mechanisms to create new closed loops based on the graph representations, and the implementation of a reference orchestrator to demonstrate the parsing and validation of the closed loops. The main conclusions and future directions are summarized here, including observations and limitations of the PoC

Traffic Violation Detection System Using Image Processing

Over the last three decades, the global population of human beings has increased at an exponential rate, resulting in an equal rise in the number of vehicles owned and used globally. Vehicle traffic is a major economic component in both urban and rural areas, and it requires proper management and monitoring to ensure that this mass of vehicles coexists as smoothly as possible. The amount of vehicular traffic on roads around the world, with Nigeria as a case study, results in varying degrees of traffic rule violations, especially red light jumping.  To arrest offenders and resolve the weaknesses and failures of human traffic operators who cannot be everywhere at once, efficient traffic violation and number plate recognition systems are needed. There are several methods for reading characters, which can be alphabets, numbers, or alphanumeric. To minimize processing time and computational load on the machine, this research proposed k-Nearest Neighbour for plate number character recognition. The system was developed and evaluated. From the result, the localization of license plate regions within an image was 92 percent accurate, and character recognition was 73 percent accurate

Crypto Hash Algorithm-Based Blockchain Technology for Managing Decentralized Ledger Database in Oil and Gas Industry

This research work proposes a method for the securing and monitoring of petroleum product distribution records in a decentralized ledger database using blockchain technology. The aim of using this technique is to secure the transaction of distributed ledgers in a database and to protect records from tampering, fraudulent activity, and corruption by the chain participants. The blockchain technology approach offers an efficient security measure and novel advantages, such as in the transaction existence and distribution ledger management between the depot, transporter, and retailing filling station. Others advantages are transparency, immunity to fraud, insusceptibility to tampering, and maintaining record order. The technique adopted for this secure distributed ledger database is crypto hash algorithm-1 (SHA-1)-based public permissioned blockchain and telematics, while this telematics approach is an embedded system integrated into an in-vehicle model for remote tracking of geolocation (using Global Positioning System (GPS)), monitoring, and far-off data acquisition in a real-time. The scope of the data in the secure distributed ledger database (using blockchain) developed are identification (ID) of the tanker operator, Depot name, Source station ID, Destination station ID, Petroleum product volume, Transporter ID, and Geographic automobiles location. This system proved to be efficient, secure, and easy to maintain as it does not permit any individual for records tampering, but supports agreement of ~75% of participants in the chain to make changes