A π-CLCL Type Immittance Converter for Constant Current and Dynamic Load Applications

Impedance-admittance converter is shortly termed as immittance converter. In this converter, the output current is proportional to the input voltage and the output voltage is proportional to the input current. The output current is thus independent of the load. This research evaluates the characteristics of a proposed π-CLCL immittance converter, which is a combination of the typical π- and T-type configurations, for constant current and dynamic load applications. The input-output characteristics and efficiency characteristics are analyzed and simulated. The characteristics are compared to that of the typical π- and T-type converters. The input-output characteristics and efficiency characteristics are then examined experimentally. It is observed that the experimental results agree with those of the simulation ones, and confirm that the π-CLCL configuration is more efficient than the typical π- and T-type immittance converters while maintaining a nearly constant output current and thus applicable for dynamic loads.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i5.595

Antigenotoxic and anticlastogenic potential of Agaricus bisporus against MMS induced toxicity in human lymphocyte cultures and in bone marrow cells of mice

The aim of the present study is to evaluate, for the first time, antigenotoxic potential of Agaricus bisporus against methyl methanesulphonate induced toxicity in human lymphocyte culture in vitro and in bone marrow cells of albino mice in vivo. The parameters studied included total aberrant cells and the frequencies of aberrations in the bone marrow cells at three exposure durations viz., 16, 24 and 32 h, and for the in vitro method using chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and replication indices as markers. The alcoholic extract of A. bisporus was taken in five increasing concentrations of 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 mg/kg body weight for three in vivo exposure durations viz., 16, 24 and 32 h. Similarly, four doses of extracts viz., 150, 200, 250 and 300 lg/ ml of culture were taken for in vitro durations of 24, 48 and 72 h in the presence as well as the absence of S9-mix. The treatment reduced the total number of aberrant cells ranging from 10.0% to 46.15% and it reduced the total frequencies of aberrations ranging from 198 to 96 against very high aberrations i.e., 227 caused due to methyl methanesulphonate in vivo. The same trends were observed in the in vitro experiments i.e., it reduced chromosomal aberrations from (42.00%, 71.25%, and 83.00% to 20.00%, 39.50%, and 43.00%) at 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure respectively. However when experiments were carried out in the presence of liver S9 fraction, these values were respectively 52.38, 44.56, and 48.34% significant at <0.05 level, likewise it also reduced sister chromatid exchanges from 14.86 ± 1.44 down to 8.84 ±0.75 per cell, whereas the replication index got enhanced from 1.45 to 1.64

DESIGN, FACILE SYNTHESIS, AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL 1,3-THIAZINE DERIVATIVES AS POTENTIAL ANTICONVULSANT AGENTS

Objective: Chalcones and their heterocyclic analogs represent an important class of small molecules having anticonvulsant activities. Therefore, inthis study, the synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some new chalcones and 1,3-thiazines were described.Methods: The reaction of 1-acetylnaphthalene with substituted aromatic aldehydes in the presence of aq. NaOH afforded corresponding chalconeswhich upon further cyclization with thiourea resulted in 1,3-thiazine derivatives. The newly synthesized compounds were tested for anticonvulsantactivity by pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures method using diazepam as standard.Results: Most of the compounds showed good anticonvulsant activity but is less than diazepam. 1,3-thiazines were more potent than chalconesand among them, compound P4 containing 4-fluorophenyl substituents on the thiazine moiety was more potent as it has prolonged the onset ofconvulsions by 155.2 seconds.Conclusion: We described the synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of novel chalcones and 1,3-thiazine derivatives. 1,3-thiazines are more activeanticonvulsant agents than chalcones and in particular compounds with electron withdrawing substituents.Keywords: Chalcone, 1,3-thiazine, Pentylenetetrazole

Analyzing land cover and land use changes using remote sensing techniques: a temporal analysis of climate change detection with Google Earth engine

The detection of changes in land cover and land use (LCLU) is crucial for various geospatial applications, including urban development and environmental management. One vital aspect of LCLU research involves identifying modifications in impervious surface cover, which has significantly increased due to global economic growth and the rising urban population in many parts of the world. This investigation employs Landsat 9 OLI- 2/TIRS-2 imagery with a 30m spatial resolution to map structures in the Ziarat District of Pakistan, encompassing forests, water bodies, and barren land. It aims to detect changes in tree cover and canopy height. A time series of Landsat 9 OLI-2/TIRS-2 images were utilized to create change detection and land cover maps. The Analysis of Land Cover and Land Use (LCLU) for the Ziarat District was conducted using the GEE platform. The satellite images were classified into broad land cover classes, which include impervious surfaces, forest/tree cover, grassland/cropland, and water. The generated change detection map facilitates the identification of locations that have undergone modifications due to new constructions, offering valuable insights for the implementation of urban development policies and disaster management on a global scale

Measles vaccination and antibody response in autism spectrum disorder

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that measles vaccination was involved in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as evidenced by signs of a persistent measles infection or abnormally persistent immune response shown by circulating measles virus or raised antibody titres in children with ASD who had been vaccinated against measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) compared with controls. DESIGN: Case-control study, community based. METHODS: A community sample of vaccinated children aged 10-12 years in the UK with ASD (n = 98) and two control groups of similar age, one with special educational needs but no ASD (n = 52) and one typically developing group (n = 90), were tested for measles virus and antibody response to measles in the serum. RESULTS: No difference was found between cases and controls for measles antibody response. There was no dose-response relationship between autism symptoms and antibody concentrations. Measles virus nucleic acid was amplified by reverse transcriptase-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from one patient with autism and two typically developing children. There was no evidence of a differential response to measles virus or the measles component of the MMR in children with ASD, with or without regression, and controls who had either one or two doses of MMR. Only one child from the control group had clinical symptoms of possible enterocolitis. CONCLUSION: No association between measles vaccination and ASD was shown

Heuristic edge server placement in Industrial Internet of Things and cellular networks

Rapid developments in industry 4.0, machine learning, and digital twins have introduced new latency, reliability, and processing restrictions in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and mobile devices. However, using current Information and Communications Technology (ICT), it is difficult to optimally provide services that require high computing power and low latency. To meet these requirements, mobile edge computing is emerging as a ubiquitous computing paradigm that enables the use of network infrastructure components such as cluster heads/sink nodes in IIoT and cellular network base stations to provide local data storage and computation servers at the edge of the network. However, optimal location selection for edge servers within a network out of a very large number of possibilities, such as to balance workload and minimize access delay is a challenging problem. In this paper, the edge server placement problem is addressed within an existing network infrastructure obtained from Shanghai Telecom’s base station the dataset that includes a significant amount of call data records and locations of actual base stations. The problem of edge server placement is formulated as a multi-objective constraint optimization problem that places edge servers strategically to the balance between the workloads of edge servers and reduce access delay between the industrial control center/cellular base-stations and edge servers. To search randomly through a large number of possible solutions and selecting those that are most descriptive of optimal solution can be a very time-consuming process, therefore, we apply the genetic algorithm and local search algorithms (hillclimbing and simulated annealing) to find the best solution in the least number of solution space explorations. Experimental results are obtained to compare the performance of the genetic algorithm against the above-mentioned local search algorithms. The results show that the genetic algorithm can quickly search through the large solution space as compared to local search optimization algorithms to find an edge placement strategy that minimizes the cost functio