Exploration of unique relation among industrial fungi by statistical analysis

This work was carried out to explore the relation among thermophilic cellulolytic fungi, which are of industrialimportance. There was no report found about the genetic relationship of fungi, which are used to produce industrial enzymes.So the aim of the study was to observe the similarity among different cellulolytic fungi on genetic level, which will providethe background to understand the correlation among cellulase producing systems of these fungi. Eleven (11) fungi werestudied for genetic diversity using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) a PCR based molecular marker system.In this regard twenty universal decamers used for RAPD resulted in 1527 numbers of bands observed during comparison ofall wild strains. Maximum polymorphism was generated with GLA-07. Average numbers of bands per 20 primers were 65-72.An Interesting feature of the study was the similarity of Humicola insolens with Torula thermophile, more than with theother members of the Humicola family. This genetic pattern affects the physical structure of the fungi. Spores of Torulathermophila are more related to Humicola insolens than to its own family. Similarity between the two was found to be 57.8%,whereas between Humicola lanuginosa (Thermomysis lanuginosus) and Humicola grisea it was 57.3%. Apart from this,similarity between Talaromyces dupontii and Rhizomucor pusillus was 51.5%. Least similarity was found in Rhizomucorpusillus and Humicola grisea, which was 18.7% and Chaetomium thermophile and Sporotrichum thermophile, which was18.3%. Genetic similarity matrix was constructed on the basis of Nei and Li’s index

Effect of Oxygen Therapy Alone VS Home Non-Invasive Ventilation with Oxygen Therapy on Morbidity and Mortilty after an Acute Exacerbation of COPD

Objective: To compare the effects of home non-invasive ventilation with oxygen therapy versus oxygen Therapy alone on patients of acute exacerbation of COPD Study design: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pulmonology Nishtar Hospital Multan from April 2016 to march 2018. Methodology: A total of 194 patients were divided into two groups of 100 and 94. There were 100 patients who were randomized to home oxygen alone. The number of patients who were given oxygen therapy with non invasive ventilation was 94. The non invasive ventilation was applied according to preference of patients by using nasal or total face masks. To increase the oxygen level to 60 mmHg, oxygen therapy was started at the minimum flow rate in both groups. The patients who were on oxygen therapy alone were instructed to undergo at least 15 hours of oxygen therapy daily. For the patients of other group, a minimum of 6 hours nightly use of ventilator was instructed. Results: Ninety four patients were put on oxygen therapy combined with non-invasive ventilation and 100 patients were put on just oxygen therapy. Both the groups were comparable in all baseline variables. After one year follow up, there was significant improvement in PaCO2, PaO2, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire summary score and Severe Respiratory Insufficiency Questionnaire summary score at most of the occasions (p-value <0.001 for all at 3 months; .060, .013, .527 and .002 at 6 months; and .011, .001, .002 and .090 at 12 months, respectively). Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that the amount of time it takes to be readmitted to the hospital or suffer death from acute exacerbation in patients suffering from COPD can be improved by adding non-invasive ventilation to the oxygen therapy. Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Non-invasive ventilation (NIV), Acute exacerbation of COPD

The Matter of Formation of Human Being Described By the Holy Quran In Comparison With the History of Embryology

What is the matter of creation of human? This question has been addressed since long back in the history from ancient Indian and Egyptian civilizations to the Greeks and until the advent of modern sciences. The answers to this question were varying and led to various ideologies about the paternity of the newborn and the role and importance of women in society. More or less the concept was that the human is formed from the male semen and female menstrual blood where semen is the actual matter of formation and the part of the female is just to nourish and nurture; until it is proved by the modern science that both male and female gametes equally take part in the formation of the embryo. However, the Islamic Holy Scripture, the Quran, and the narrations from Islamic prophet (PBUH) and the descriptions of the Islamic scholars stand in opposition to these concepts and have a stunning correlation with the modern scientific descriptions of the embryology

Transient expression of βC1 protein differentially regulates host genes related to stress response, chloroplast and mitochondrial functions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Geminiviruses are emerging plant pathogens that infect a wide variety of crops including cotton, cassava, vegetables, ornamental plants and cereals. The geminivirus disease complex consists of monopartite begomoviruses that require betasatellites for the expression of disease symptoms. These complexes are widespread throughout the Old World and cause economically important diseases on several crops. A single protein encoded by betasatellites, termed βC1, is a suppressor of gene silencing, inducer of disease symptoms and is possibly involved in virus movement. Studies of the interaction of βC1 with hosts can provide useful insight into virus-host interactions and aid in the development of novel control strategies. We have used the differential display technique to isolate host genes which are differentially regulated upon transient expression of the βC1 protein of chili leaf curl betasatellite (ChLCB) in <it>Nicotiana tabacum</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Through differential display analysis, eight genes were isolated from <it>Nicotiana tabacum</it>, at two and four days after infitration with βC1 of ChLCB, expressed under the control of the <it>Cauliflower mosaic virus </it>35S promoter. Cloning and sequence analysis of differentially amplified products suggested that these genes were involved in ATP synthesis, and acted as electron carriers for respiration and photosynthesis processes. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) play an important role in plant growth and development, cell protection, defence processes, replication mechanisms and detoxification responses. Kegg orthology based annotation system analysis of these DEGs demonstrated that one of the genes, coding for polynucleotide nucleotidyl transferase, is involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolic pathways and is an RNA binding protein which is involved in RNA degradation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>βC1 differentially regulated genes are mostly involved in chloroplast and mitochondrial functions. βC1 also increases the expression of those genes which are involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolism. This information gives a new insight into the interaction of βC1 with the host and can be used to understand host-virus interactions in follow-up studies.</p

Identification of differentially expressed genes in developing cotton fibers (Gossypium hirsutum L) through differential display

Cotton fibers are differentiated, non-dividing cells that originate from the epidermal layer of developing ovules. To identify genes involved in cotton fiber development, we performed non-radioactive differential display reverse transcriptase PCR (DDRT-PCR) on the purified mRNA. This technique was tested on mRNA isolated from five different developmental stages of cotton fiber including 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 DPA (days after pollination). The mRNA purified from total RNA was reversibly transcribed using three anchored oligo-dT primers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of each cDNA preparation was carried out in combination with seven arbitrary primers. The amplified products were resolved on 1% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide. DNA was extracted from seventeen differentially expressed bands and cloned in pTZ57R/T vector. The sequencing and BLAST search analysis indicated that 12 of the differentially expressed genes matched the previously characterized genes, while 3 of them matched the uncharacterized sequences of cotton fiber expressed sequence tags (ESTs) reported previously to be associated with cotton fiber and 2 of the clones had homology with putative proteins. The technique can be used to efficiently identify differentially expressed genes and can be expanded to large scale studies by increasing the number of random decamers