17 research outputs found
Lung Transplant for Interstitial Lung Diseases
Lung transplant is an important treatment modality for select cases of advanced interstitial lung disease. However, the pre- and postoperative management requires several unique considerations. The decision to transplant is based largely on clinical severity of illness and the lung allocation score. Transplant improves overall mortality across the interstitial lung diseases, though not all ILD subtypes experience equal benefit from lung transplant. Broadly speaking, there is no difference in benefit between single- and bilateral-lung transplants, though we will discuss some important clinical nuances to this decision as well. Lastly, there are a number of immunosuppression, coagulation, and malignancy risk considerations that must be carefully understood in caring for the lung transplant patient. This chapter will provide a general overview of the indications for lung transplant, risk stratification for lung transplant across the interstitial lung diseases, as well as general postoperative management details
Use of Foscarnet Therapy for EBV Infection following Control of PTLD with Enhancement of Cellular Immunity in a Lung-Transplant Recipient
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious complication following solid organ transplantation with an annual incidence rate of 3–5% in lung-transplant recipients. Pathogenesis indicates a strong association with functional over-immunosuppression and EBV infection. Clinical improvement is generally observed with reduction in immunosuppression intensity alone. We present a case of a 24-year-old woman with EBV-associated PTLD following lung transplant where decreasing the immunosuppression improved PTLD but was ineffective against controlling the EBV infection. Foscarnet in combination with immunoglobulins was successfully administered to cause a remission of the EBV infection. This is the second case reported of a persistent EBV infection after reducing immunosuppression levels and evidence of PTLD remission that required foscarnet for EBV infection control
Reduced serum osteocalcin concentrations are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome components in postmenopausal women: the crosstalk between bone and energy metabolism
Although it has been shown that osteocalcin
functions as a hormone in the regulation of glucose
metabolism and fat mass, no population-based study to date
has addressed serum osteocalcin levels in relation to energy
metabolism concurrent with bone metabolism in postmenopausal
women. In a population-based study, cardiovascular
risk factors, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
(hs-CRP), osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear
factor-jB ligand, osteocalcin, CrossLaps, alkaline phosphatase,
and bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar
spine (L2–L4) and the proximal femur were measured in
382 Iranian postmenopausal women. In multiple logistic
regression analysis, lower osteocalcin and CrossLaps levels
were associated with a higher odds ratio (OR) of having
type 2 diabetes mellitus when adjustments were made for
age, hs-CRP, cardiovascular risk factors, BMD, and
markers of bone metabolism [OR 5.17, CI (2.66–10.04),
p\0.0001 and OR 2.51, CI (1.37–4.61), p = 0.003,
respectively]. However, lower alkaline phosphatase levels
were associated with a lower OR of having type 2 diabetes
mellitus [OR 0.28, CI (0.15–0.52), p\0.0001] in regression
analysis. No significant difference was found between
serum osteocalcin levels of those with and without metabolic
syndrome. Among the metabolic syndrome components,
low osteocalcin levels had significant associations
with elevated blood glucose [OR 1.89, CI (1.16–3.07),
p = 0.010] and elevated waist circumference [OR 2.53, CI
(1.13–5.67), p = 0.024] in multivariate analyses. In conclusion,
serum osteocalcin was independently associated
with glucose intolerance and abdominal obesity as the
components of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes
mellitus in postmenopausal women. Since CrossLaps and
alkaline phosphatase levels were independently associated
with the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the unique
contribution of osteocalcin in glucose metabolism could
not be concluded
Exudative pleurisy of coccidioidomycosis: A case report and review of the literature
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Community-acquired pneumonia is the most common manifestation in primary coccidioides infections (<it>Coccidioides immitis, C. posadasii</it>). It is essential that this endemic dimorphic fungus be considered in order to proceed with the most appropriate diagnostic tools and therapy.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present a rare case of primary pleural coccidioides and a review of the current literature for optimal diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>With increased domestic and international travel, coccidioidomycosis will likely be encountered in nonendemic regions. Recognition by physicians is critical for a timely diagnosis and therapy. Tissue culture can assist in the diagnosis and polymerase chain reaction analysis shows potential as a possible addition.</p
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Context-dependent roles of mitochondrial LONP1 in orchestrating the balance between airway progenitor versus progeny cells
While all eukaryotic cells are dependent on mitochondria for function, in a complex tissue, which cell type and which cell behavior are more sensitive to mitochondrial deficiency remain unpredictable. Here, we show that in the mouse airway, compromising mitochondrial function by inactivating mitochondrial protease gene Lonp1 led to reduced progenitor proliferation and differentiation during development, apoptosis of terminally differentiated ciliated cells and their replacement by basal progenitors and goblet cells during homeostasis, and failed airway progenitor migration into damaged alveoli following influenza infection. ATF4 and the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway are elevated and responsible for the airway phenotypes. Such context-dependent sensitivities are predicted by the selective expression of Bok, which is required for ISR activation. Reduced LONP1 expression is found in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) airways with squamous metaplasia. These findings illustrate a cellular energy landscape whereby compromised mitochondrial function could favor the emergence of pathological cell types
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Alpha 1 “Hereditary Emphysema” Experience: A Patient–Physician Perspective
This article is co-authored by a patient living with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and her treating physician. The commentary article describes the patient's experience of the diagnosis and treatment process. The physician then discusses alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency diagnosis and management in the context of the patient's experiences
Alpha 1 “Hereditary Emphysema” Experience: A Patient–Physician Perspective
Abstract This article is co-authored by a patient living with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and her treating physician. The commentary article describes the patient’s experience of the diagnosis and treatment process. The physician then discusses alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency diagnosis and management in the context of the patient’s experiences