A Comparative Study on Hedonism Principles and Holy Quran Verses

A) Hedonism Hedonism is the philosophy that pleasure is the most important pursuit of mankind, and the only thing that is good for an individual. Hedonists, therefore, strive to maximize their total pleasure (the net of any pleasure less any pain or suffering). They believe that pleasure is the only good in life, and pain is the only evil, and our life's goal should be to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. Psychological Hedonism is the view that humans are psychologically constructed in such a way that we exclusively desire pleasure. Ethical Hedonism, on the other hand, is the view that our fundamental moral obligation is to maximize pleasure or happiness. It is the normative claim that we should always act so as to produce our own pleasure. (Crisp, R. 2006, p.76) Hedonism usually pre-supposes an individualist stance, and is associated with Egoism (the claim that individuals should always seek their own good in all things). Epicureanism is a more moderate approach (which still seeks to maximize happiness, but which defines happiness more as a state of tranquility than pleasure). A similar but more altruistic approach results in Utilitarianism, the position that the moral worth of any action is determined by its contribution to overall utility in maximizing happiness or pleasure as summed among all people. The Paradox of Hedonism (also called the Pleasure Paradox), points out that pleasure and happiness are strange phenomena that do not obey normal principles, in that they cannot be acquired directly, only indirectly and we often fail to attain pleasures if we deliberately seek them. The term "hedonism" is derived from the Greek "hedone" meaning simply "pleasure". In common language, Hedonism has come to mean devotion to pleasure as a way of life, especially to the pleasures of the senses, and is synonymous with sensualism, libertinism, debauchery and dissipation. (Feldman, Fred, 2004, p.32) Keywords: pleasure, hedonism, enjoyment, holy Quran, suffering, tranquilit

The Status and dignity of Women in Islam and Hinduism

The heavenly religions have spoken much about the creation of man and his place in the world of creation. The position of women in these religions, known as the revelation religions, is very high. In the ancient Hindus, woman was not dignified and regarded as much as men, although in the Upanishads the woman was intrinsically valued, and man and woman are half halves that complement each other. There is no legal difference between men and women in India today, and women can engage in political, economic, and cultural activities as men. In Hinduism, woman holds a high position as a mother, from the point of view of Hinduism, the ideal woman is a woman who loves her husband and provides his with comfort. But the Hindu girl is far less valuable than the Hindu boy, and many Hindus do not generally favor the girl child. From the Islamic point of view, men and women have equal value in terms of humanity, and no one has superiority over others in their humanity. But this does not mean that any physical and mental differences between the two are denied. The holy religion of Islam considers women the first and foremost task of marrying and raising children, by assigning specific duties to women that are commensurate with their type of creation, but at the same time permits women to adhere to the principles of a Muslim woman participate in the community and engage in social and economic activities

Democracy in Imam Ali’s viewpoint

The word democracy has long been popularized in the political literature of our society and has been discussed and analyzed by domestic and foreign scholars, academic and cultural circles, the press and media, and various political parties and organizations. On the other hand, Considering the importance of the people's position and their views on divine religions, especially the religion of Islam, and also the unique image of Imam Ali's rule in the beautiful representation of democracy in his government, we tried to depict the important and fundamental principles of democracy from the point of view of Imam Ali1 (P.B.U.H)1 during his rule on the Muslims and their lands. In this study we try to discuss based on descriptive – analytical approach in order to reveal the main points of our issue

A Comparative Study of “Eternity” in The Holy Quran and The Ancient Upanishads

The problem of death and immortality is an ontological concern of human being. Islam and Hinduism, like other religions, have always sought to resolve this problem. Philosophical, verbal, mystical, and Qur’anic criticisms have attracted the attention of Muslim and Hindu scholars.The issue of immortality has been examined from different perspectives. In this study, it is examined from the perspectives of the Holy Qur’an and the ancient Upanishads. The use of the word soul in the Qur’anic verses, and then, with references to the early Upanishads is a key point in understanding the immortality of the human soul. In the Qur’an, special attention has been paid to the issue of the soul and has been referred to as a safe soul. In the Abrahamic religions, human creation is distinctive from other beings, and the final stage of creation is that of human being. In the old Upanishads, only the universal human being (Purusha) is considered as the soul and the main source of the world. The true and inward human being (Atman) is only meaningful in the unity and permanent union with Brahma, and the material aspect of human being (Perkeṛiti) is not very important

Language-switching, Language Proficiency and Task Difficulty: A study on Writing Performance

Language - switching in L2 writing may be defined as any non – instructed use of the first language during the L2 writing process (Cumming, 1989). In a protocol analysis of L2 writing from 20 adult EFL Iranian students, this research observed how language-switching (L-S), i.e., L1 use in L2 writing, was affected by L2 proficiency and task difficulty. ANOVA results suggest that language proficiency could not affect sharply on language-switching process when we consider it in the inter group relationship (Z= 0.968)1 but when we consider language proficiency in the intra group relationship (P=0.01). On the other hand, more difficult tasks increased the duration of L1 use in L2 writing (P=0.01)

Based on Critical Realism A Critique of Sadr's Islamic Economics Theory

This paper studies the capability and capacity of critical realism in justifying Sadr’s Islamic Economics theory from methodological individualism point of view. For this purpose, first of all the possibility of this study is discussed, and Sadr’s Islamic Economics theory is reviewed in brief. Then, Sadr’s theories of wealth distribution before production, income distribution after production, and social justice, are criticized according to methodological approach of critical realism. This criticism is based mainly on concepts such as supervenience, downward causation, human intentionality, and structure and agency. At the end, it is concluded that critical realism has many in common with Sadr’s theory of Islamic Economics from methodological point of view, and can justify it to some high exten