Atlantic Salmon Reovirus Infection Causes a CD8 T Cell Myocarditis in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Heart and skeletal inflammation (HSMI) of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is a disease characterized by a chronic myocarditis involving the epicardium and the compact and spongious part of the heart ventricle. Chronic myositis of the red skeletal muscle is also a typical finding of HSMI. Piscine reovirus (PRV) has been detected by real-time PCR from farmed and wild salmon with and without typical changes of HSMI and thus the causal relationship between presence of virus and the disease has not been fully determined [1]. In this study we show that the Atlantic salmon reovirus (ASRV), identical to PRV, can be passaged in GF-1 cells and experimental challenge of naïve Atlantic salmon with cell culture passaged reovirus results in cardiac and skeletal muscle pathology typical of HSMI with onset of pathology from 6 weeks, peaking by 9 weeks post challenge. ASRV replicates in heart tissue and the peak level of virus replication coincides with peak of heart lesions. We further demonstrate mRNA transcript assessment and in situ characterization that challenged fish develop a CD8+ T cell myocarditis

Reciprocal Interaction between Macrophages and T cells Stimulates IFN-γ and MCP-1 Production in Ang II-induced Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis

Background: The inflammatory response plays a critical role in hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling. We aimed to study how interaction among inflammatory cells causes inflammatory responses in the process of hypertensive cardiac fibrosis. Methodology/Principal Findings: Infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II, 1500 ng/kg/min) in mice rapidly induced the expression of interferon c (IFN-c) and leukocytes infiltration into the heart. To determine the role of IFN-c on cardiac inflammation and remodeling, both wild-type (WT) and IFN-c-knockout (KO) mice were infused Ang II for 7 days, and were found an equal blood pressure increase. However, knockout of IFN-c prevented Ang II-induced: 1) infiltration of macrophages and T cells into cardiac tissue; 2) expression of tumor necrosis factor a and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and 3) cardiac fibrosis, including the expression of a-smooth muscle actin and collagen I (all p,0.05). Cultured T cells or macrophages alone expressed very low level of IFN-c, however, co-culture of T cells and macrophages increased IFN-c expression by 19.860.95 folds (vs. WT macrophage, p,0.001) and 20.9 6 2.09 folds (vs. WT T cells, p,0.001). In vitro co-culture studies using T cells and macrophages from WT or IFN-c KO mice demonstrated that T cells were primary source for IFN-c production. Co-culture of WT macrophages with WT T cells, but not with IFN-c-knockout T cells, increased IFN-c production (p,0.01). Moreover, IFN-c produced by T cells amplified MCP-1 expression in macrophages and stimulated macrophag

ОСЕЛЬТАМИВИР — СРЕДСТВО ПРОТИВОВИРУСНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ ГРИППА A(H1N1)pdm09 У ДЕТЕЙ И ВЗРОСЛЫХ

In this article are presented the results of comparative of experimental (on cell cultures) study of the influenza virus strains sensitivity to neuraminidase  inhibitor — Oseltamivir and blocker of M-canal — Rimantadin аnd the results of study effectiveness of the inclusion in the complex therapy of 331 hospitalized patients (children and adults) rapy of А(Н1N1)pdm09 antiviral drug — inhibitor of neuraminidase Oseltamivir that occurred during the epidemic seasons 2009—2010 and 2015—2016  in terms of observational clinical studies.  It is shown that this drug, can be successfully used in the treatment of children and adults with influenza А(Н1N1)pdm09 during 8—9 years after beginning of pandemic cycle.Представлены  результаты сравнительного  исследования чувствительности  вирусов гриппа  к противовирусным препаратам, ингибитору нейраминидазы — осельтамивиру и блокатору М2 канала — римантадину, а также данные изучения лечебной эффективности осельтамивира в терапии 331 пациента (детей и взрослых) с верифицированным  гриппом А(H1N1)pdm/2009, госпитализированных в течение эпидсезонов 2009—2010  и 2015—2016  гг. в условиях наблюдательного клинического исследования. Показано, что препарат может успешно использоваться при лечении детей и взрослых с гриппом А(Н1N1)pdm09 и через 8—9 лет после начала пандемического цикла

Deep water inflow slowed offshore expansion of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet at the Eocene-Oligocene transition

The stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is threatened by the incursion of warm Circumpolar Deepwater which flows southwards via cross-shelf troughs towards the coast there melting ice shelves. However, the onset of this oceanic forcing on the development and evolution of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet remains poorly understood. Here, we use single- and multichannel seismic reflection profiles to investigate the architecture of a sediment body on the shelf of the Amundsen Sea Embayment. We estimate the formation age of this sediment body to be around the Eocene-Oligocene Transition and find that it possesses the geometry and depositional pattern of a plastered sediment drift. We suggest this indicates a southward inflow of deep water which probably supplied heat and, thus, prevented West Antarctic Ice Sheet advance beyond the coast at this time. We conclude that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has likely experienced a strong oceanic influence on its dynamics since its initial formation

Peculiarities of use of speech acoustic environment while embedding into it of hidden message codes

The problems of embedding of message codes into Acoustic environment of speech are researched. The peculiarities of speech perception by human hearing are analyzed. As an example of acoustic Messager environment and codes of hidden messages embedded into it is reviewed a channel of mobile Communications in the part of transformations which are implemented with acoustic signals. Approach to build a model of process of transmission of speech via non-linear channel basing on imagination about speech signals spectrum is developed. The proposals on methods of use of such models for analysis and interpretation of distortions of signals made by transformations, implemented in example channel are presented

Hiding data in text environments and their parameters

In this study, the parameters have been developed, characterized by the invisibility level of the message, which is embedded in a text environment, and methods which determine the values of these parameters. Also a review of the system composition of steganography, which is oriented to the use of text digital environments. Also included is the concept of semantic vocabulary of digital environments and text messages. Were also made analysis methods for implementing messages, depending on the fit of these dictionaries

Factors affecting the accuracy of calculations in chemistry

The aim of the study – to analyze the calculations of the hydrogen index of sulfuric acid taking into account various factors.Цель исследования - анализ вычислений водородного показателя серной кислоты с учетом различных факторов

The hadron calorimeter design and construction

The design of the LI-ICb Hadron Calorimeter is being described in this note. An internal structure consisting of thin iron plates interspaced with scintillating tiles have been chosen. The IICAL consists of two symmetric movable parts getting in touch in operation position without non-instrumented zones. The Iateral dimensions of the I-ICAL active area is of X=8.4 m in width, Y=6.8 m in height, and is distanced from the interaction point, at, Z=13.33 m. Both halfs are assembled from stacked up modules. Each half of about 245 tonn is located on the separate platform. Attention is paid to the strength analysis of the module as a basic assembling unit. Different phases are being discussed: the iron plates glueing, the submodtile and module construction, the scintillating tiles and fibers preparation for insertion, the pre-installation test and calibration. The documentation incorporates a set of tools needed for detector assembly. In the summary the construction rate is estimated

The Evaluation of Winter Wheat Adaptation to Climate Change in the Central Non-Black Region of Russia: Study of the Gene Pool Resistance of Wheat from the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) World Collection to Abiotic Stress Factors

The paper presents the results of a 50-year research of the genepool of the winter wheat from the world’s largest wheat collection of N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) to investigate its resistance to the abiotic stress factors of the Moscow region and see how closely it matches the attributes of a wheat ideotype as postulated by N.I. Vavilov in 1935. The critical years in studying the wheat’s winter resistance were 10 years out of 50: excessive water saturation during the year 2013; soil drought in 1988; and atmospheric drought in 1972 and 2010. During the investigation, the following gene pool features were analyzed: frost characterized by the cultivar Sojuz 50 (Russia), rapid temperature change, thawing, ice, and rotting resistance characterized by the cultivars Zarya 2 (Russia), Sv 75268, (Sweden), Caristerm and Tukan (Germany), PP 114-74 and Liwilla (Poland), Maris Ploughman and Granta (Great Britain), Titan (USA), Zdar (Czech), and Zenta (Switzerland); regeneration capacity in spring after poor wintering expressed by the cultivars Pamyati Fedina (Russia), TAW 3668.71 (Germany) and Rmo (Poland); resistance to excessive soil and air saturation exhibited by the cultivars Moskovskaya 39 (Russia), Tukan, Compal, Obelisk, Orestis, and Bussard (Germany); solid standing culm that is resistant to lodging characterized by the cultivars Tukan, Kronjuwel, Compal (Germany), Zenta (Switzerland), Moskovskaya 56 (Russia), and Hvede Sarah (Denmark); resistance to enzyme-mycotic depletion of seeds characterized by the cultivars Tukan, Compal, Obelisk, Orestis, Bussard (Germany), Sv 75268, Helge, VG 73394, Salut, Sv 75355 (Sweden), Zenta (Switzerland), Moskovskaya 39, and Ferrugineum 737.76 (Russia); and resistance to soil and atmospheric drought demonstrated by the cultivars Liessau, Heine Stamm, Severin, Neuzucht 14/4, Haynes, Rus 991, Halle 1020 (Germany), Gama (Poland), Sv 71536 (Sweden), and Moskovskaya 39 (Russia). Moreover, the cultivar Mironovskaya 808 (Ukraine) showed resistance to almost all abiotic stress factors studied. The performed study contributes towards the provision of potential sources of resistance to abiotic stress factors prevalent in the Moscow region that can be incorporated in advanced breeding programs

OSELTAMIVIR AS ANTIVIRAL THERAPY OF INFLUENZA A(H1N1)pdm09 IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS

In this article are presented the results of comparative of experimental (on cell cultures) study of the influenza virus strains sensitivity to neuraminidase  inhibitor — Oseltamivir and blocker of M-canal — Rimantadin аnd the results of study effectiveness of the inclusion in the complex therapy of 331 hospitalized patients (children and adults) rapy of А(Н1N1)pdm09 antiviral drug — inhibitor of neuraminidase Oseltamivir that occurred during the epidemic seasons 2009—2010 and 2015—2016  in terms of observational clinical studies.  It is shown that this drug, can be successfully used in the treatment of children and adults with influenza А(Н1N1)pdm09 during 8—9 years after beginning of pandemic cycle