9 research outputs found
Transport in deformed centrosymmetric networks
Centrosymmetry often mediates Perfect State Transfer (PST) in various complex
systems ranging from quantum wires to photosynthetic networks. We introduce the
Deformed Centrosymmetric Ensemble (DCE) of random matrices, , where is centrosymmetric while is
skew-centrosymmetric. The relative strength of the prompts the system
size scaling of the control parameter as . We
propose two quantities, and , quantifying centro-
and skewcentro-symmetry, respectively, exhibiting second order phase
transitions at and . In
addition, DCE posses an ergodic transition at . Thus
equipped with a precise control of the extent of centrosymmetry in DCE, we
study the manifestation of on the transport properties of complex
networks. We propose that such random networks can be constructed using the
eigenvectors of and establish that the maximum transfer fidelity,
, is equivalent to the degree of centrosymmetry, .Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
Hybrid hidden Markov LSTM for short-term traffic flow prediction
Deep learning (DL) methods have outperformed parametric models such as
historical average, ARIMA and variants in predicting traffic variables into
short and near-short future, that are critical for traffic management.
Specifically, recurrent neural network (RNN) and its variants (e.g. long
short-term memory) are designed to retain long-term temporal correlations and
therefore are suitable for modeling sequences. However, multi-regime models
assume the traffic system to evolve through multiple states (say, free-flow,
congestion in traffic) with distinct characteristics, and hence, separate
models are trained to characterize the traffic dynamics within each regime. For
instance, Markov-switching models with a hidden Markov model (HMM) for regime
identification is capable of capturing complex dynamic patterns and
non-stationarity. Interestingly, both HMM and LSTM can be used for modeling an
observation sequence from a set of latent or, hidden state variables. In LSTM,
the latent variable is computed in a deterministic manner from the current
observation and the previous latent variable, while, in HMM, the set of latent
variables is a Markov chain. Inspired by research in natural language
processing, a hybrid hidden Markov-LSTM model that is capable of learning
complementary features in traffic data is proposed for traffic flow prediction.
Results indicate significant performance gains in using hybrid architecture
compared to conventional methods such as Markov switching ARIMA and LSTM
Mitigating Reflective Cracking Through the Use of a Ductile Concrete Interlayer
Reflective cracking is considered one of the most important issues that causes premature deterioration of composite pavements. Many types of mitigation methods have been studied in the past. However, they are either not effective in delaying the reflective cracking, or they only extend the service life by a few years. To address this critical issue and significantly extend the service life of the composite pavement, in this research, a ductile interlayer made of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) was proposed. It was hypothesized that by adding a thin layer of highly ductile ECC material between the existing pavement and overlay, reflective cracking could be arrested by the ductile interlayer. This study experimentally evaluated the effectiveness of ECC as an interlayer system. A laboratory test protocol was designed to simulate repeated traffic loads to measure the fatigue performance of ECC interlayer system. The strain field and reflective cracking were monitored using digital image correlation (DIC) technique. It was found that the composite pavement specimens with ECC interlayer provided significantly higher fatigue life as compared to the control specimens without an interlayer. The failure mode also changed from single reflective crack to multiple cracks in overlaid HMA mixtures. The results indicated that ECC could be used as a potential effective interlayer system to retard or mitigate reflective cracking
A Bayesian approach to quantifying uncertainties and improving generalizability in traffic prediction models
Deep-learning models for traffic data prediction can have superior
performance in modeling complex functions using a multi-layer architecture.
However, a major drawback of these approaches is that most of these approaches
do not offer forecasts with uncertainty estimates, which are essential for
traffic operations and control. Without uncertainty estimates, it is difficult
to place any level of trust to the model predictions, and operational
strategies relying on overconfident predictions can lead to worsening traffic
conditions. In this study, we propose a Bayesian recurrent neural network
framework for uncertainty quantification in traffic prediction with higher
generalizability by introducing spectral normalization to its hidden layers. In
our paper, we have shown that normalization alters the training process of deep
neural networks by controlling the model's complexity and reducing the risk of
overfitting to the training data. This, in turn, helps improve the
generalization performance of the model on out-of-distribution datasets.
Results demonstrate that spectral normalization improves uncertainty estimates
and significantly outperforms both the layer normalization and model without
normalization in single-step prediction horizons. This improved performance can
be attributed to the ability of spectral normalization to better localize the
feature space of the data under perturbations. Our findings are especially
relevant to traffic management applications, where predicting traffic
conditions across multiple locations is the goal, but the availability of
training data from multiple locations is limited. Spectral normalization,
therefore, provides a more generalizable approach that can effectively capture
the underlying patterns in traffic data without requiring location-specific
models
Mitigating Reflective Cracking Through the Use of a Ductile Concrete Interlayer [Supporting Dataset]
69A3551747106National Transportation Library (NTL) Curation Note: As this dataset is preserved in a repository outside U.S. DOT control, as allowed by the U.S. DOT's Public Access Plan (https://doi.org/10.21949/1503647) Section 7.4.2 Data, the NTL staff has performed NO additional curation actions on this dataset. The current level of dataset documentation is the responsibility of the dataset creator. NTL staff last accessed this dataset at its repository URL on 2022-11-11. If, in the future, you have trouble accessing this dataset at the host repository, please email [email protected] describing your problem. NTL staff will do its best to assist you at that time.Reflective cracking is considered one of the most important issues that causes premature deterioration of composite pavements. Many types of mitigation methods have been studied in the past. However, they are either not effective in delaying the reflective cracking, or they only extend the service life by a few years. To address this critical issue and significantly extend the service life of the composite pavement, in this research, a ductile interlayer made of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) was proposed. It was hypothesized that by adding a thin layer of highly ductile ECC material between the existing pavement and overlay, reflective cracking could be arrested by the ductile interlayer. This study experimentally evaluated the effectiveness of ECC as an interlayer system. A laboratory test protocol was designed to simulate repeated traffic loads to measure the fatigue performance of ECC interlayer system. The strain field and reflective cracking were monitored using digital image correlation (DIC) technique. It was found that the composite pavement specimens with ECC interlayer provided significantly higher fatigue life as compared to the control specimens without an interlayer. The failure mode also changed from single reflective crack to multiple cracks in overlaid HMA mixtures. The results indicated that ECC could be used as a potential effective interlayer system to retard or mitigate reflective cracking. The total size of the described zip file is 375 KB. Files with the .xlsx extension are Microsoft Excel spreadsheet files. These can be opened in Excel or open-source spreadsheet programs. Docx files are document files created in Microsoft Word. These files can be opened using Microsoft Word or with an open source text viewer such as Apache OpenOffice