The Realization of a Circular Economy in the Construction Industry and Its Adaptation to EU Standards in Hungary

Transforming the linear economy into a circular one in the construction sector is not an easy task. Such a radical change entails a major transformation of the current production and consumption patterns, which in turn will have a significant impact on the economy, the environment, and society. The European Commission sees great potential in the recycling and reuse of construction and demolition waste (CDW) and has also emphasised the importance of this waste stream in its directives on the circular economy. This paper first presents the concept of CDW and its regulatory characteristics. It then introduces the types and sources of CDW. Third, based on an analysis of the literature, the paper identifies the possible links between the CDW and the circular economy and current trends and practices of recovery, reuse, and recovery. Finally, through the examples presented, it gives an overview of the current situation and trends in Hungary and makes recommendations for future development opportunities for the practitioners to help them adapt to recent changes. The options for doing this are important, but the problems that may hinder this process also need to be examined. In this article, the author seeks to find answers to this question

Modeling integrated sustainable waste management systems by fuzzy cognitive maps and the system of systems concept

This paper describes the problems relating to the complexity of modern waste management systems. We present a new approach to selecting a better waste management solution. For a large and complex system it is extremely difficult to describe the entire system by a precise mathematical model. Therefore, we propose the use of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM), its combination with the Bacterial Evolutionary Algorithm (BEA) and the system of systems approach to support the planning and decision making process of integrated systems

Statistical Approach to Fuzzy Cognitive Maps

Fuzzy cognitive maps are studied from statistical standpoint. An analogy between these maps and linear regression and logistic regression models is drawn. Practical examples are also provided.Peer reviewe

Three level fuzzy signature based decision methodology for packaging system design

In the field of logistics packaging, companies have to take decisions on determining the optimal packaging solutions and expenses. The decisions often involve a choice between one-way (disposable) and reusable (returnable) packaging solutions. Even nowadays, in most cases the decisions are made based on traditions and mainly consider the material and investment costs. Although cost is an important factor, it might not be sufficient for finding the optimal solution. Traditional (two-valued) logic is not suitable for modelling this problem, so here the application of a fuzzy approach, because of the metrical aspects, a fuzzy signature approach is considered. In this paper three different fuzzy signatures connected by fuzzy rules modelling the packaging decision are suggested, based on logistics expert opinions, in order to support the decision making process of choosing the right packaging system. Two real life examples are also given, one in the field of customer packaging and one in industrial packaging