Protected environments and substrates for production of genipap seedlings

Genipap (Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae ) is a native Brazilian species and can be used in the recovery of degraded forest areas or for food supply. In order for the species to reach its potential, production of high quality seedlings is essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate genipap seedlings in protected environments and different substrates. The environments tested were: (1) a greenhouse with polyethylene film in the top, with aluminized screen (Aliminet®) of 50%-shading under this film, and lateral sides covered with 50%-shading nylon net (Sombrite®), (2) a shaded hut, all sides covered with 50%-shading nylon net (Sombrite®), and (3) a nursery shelter, with all lateral sides uncovered and the roof covered with leaves of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa). In these environments the following substrates were tested: 50% cattle manure + 50% cassava foliage, 50% cattle manure + 50% Vida Verde®, 50% cattle manure + 50% vermiculite, and 25% cattle manure + 25% vermiculite + 25% of cassava foliage + 25% Vida Verde®. Because there was no repetition of the growth environment, the effect of environment was examined using statistical procedures for analysis of combined experiments. Within environments a completely randomized design was used with five replications. All substrates are suitable for the formation of genipap seedlings, where the recommended substrates are: 50% cattle manure + 50% cassava foliage and 50% cattle manure + 50% Vida Verde® for the greenhouse and the substrates composed of 50% cattle manure + 50% vermiculite and 25% cattle manure + 25% cassava foliage + 25% Vida Verde®+ 25% vermiculite for the shaded hut. The buriti shelter is not recommended for production of genipap seedlings

Protected environments and substrates for production of genipap seedlings Ambientes protegidos e substratos para formação de mudas de jenipapeiro

Genipap (Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae ) is a native Brazilian species and can be used in the recovery of degraded forest areas or for food supply. In order for the species to reach its potential, production of high quality seedlings is essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate genipap seedlings in protected environments and different substrates. The environments tested were: (1) a greenhouse with polyethylene film in the top, with aluminized screen (Aliminet®) of 50%-shading under this film, and lateral sides covered with 50%-shading nylon net (Sombrite®), (2) a shaded hut, all sides covered with 50%-shading nylon net (Sombrite®), and (3) a nursery shelter, with all lateral sides uncovered and the roof covered with leaves of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa). In these environments the following substrates were tested: 50% cattle manure + 50% cassava foliage, 50% cattle manure + 50% Vida Verde®, 50% cattle manure + 50% vermiculite, and 25% cattle manure + 25% vermiculite + 25% of cassava foliage + 25% Vida Verde®. Because there was no repetition of the growth environment, the effect of environment was examined using statistical procedures for analysis of combined experiments. Within environments a completely randomized design was used with five replications. All substrates are suitable for the formation of genipap seedlings, where the recommended substrates are: 50% cattle manure + 50% cassava foliage and 50% cattle manure + 50% Vida Verde® for the greenhouse and the substrates composed of 50% cattle manure + 50% vermiculite and 25% cattle manure + 25% cassava foliage + 25% Vida Verde®+ 25% vermiculite for the shaded hut. The buriti shelter is not recommended for production of genipap seedlings.O jenipapo (Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae) é uma espécie brasileira nativa e pode ser utilizada na recomposição de áreas de florestas degradadas ou fornecimento de alimentos. Para que a espécie atinja elevado potencial, a produção de mudas de elevada qualidade é essencial. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar mudas de jenipapo em ambientes protegidos e diferentes substratos. Os ambientes testados foram; (1) uma estufa agrícola com filme de polietileno transparente na cobertura, com tela aluminizada (Aliminet®) de 50% de sombreamento sob este filme, e lateral com tela de 50% de sombreamento; (2) uma cabana sombreada com todos os lados cobertos com tela de nylon de 50% de sombreamento (Sombrite®), e (3) um abrigo com todas as laterais sem fechamentos e cobertura com folhas de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa). Nestes ambientes foram testados os substratos 50% esterco bovino + 50% rama de mandioca, 50% esterco bovino + 50% Vida Verde®, 50% esterco bovino + 50% vermiculita e 25% esterco bovino + 25% vermiculita + 25% rama de mandioca + 25% Vida Verde®. Por não haver repetição do ambiente de cultivo, o efeito do ambiente foi examinado usando procedimento estatístico para análise de experimentos combinados. Dentro dos ambientes um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado foi utilizado com cinco repetições. Todos os substratos são indicados para formação de mudas de jenipapeiro, sendo recomendados os substratos a base de 50% esterco bovino + 50% rama de mandioca e 50% esterco bovino + 50% vida verde para a estufa agrícola e os substratos com 50% de esterco bovino + 50% vermiculita e 25% esterco bovino + 25% rama de mandioca + 25% vida verde + 25% vermiculita para a cabana sombreada. O abrigo com buriti não é recomendado para produção de mudas de jenipapo

Efeitos do Organosuper® e do ambiente protegido na formação de mudas de mamoeiro Organosuper® and protected environment effects in the formation of papaya seedling

Com o objetivo de avaliar doses de composto orgânico e ambiente protegido na formação de mudas de mamoeiro, foi conduzido um experimento no período de setembro a dezembro de 2007. Utilizaram-se seis ambientes protegidos: estufa plástica com pé-direito de 2,5 m; viveiro telado com Sombrite® 50%, com pé-direito de 2,5m; viveiro telado de tela termorrefletora Aluminet® 50%, com pé-direito de 2,5m; viveiro coberto com palha de coqueiro, com pé-direito de 1,8 m; estufa plástica com pé-direito de 4,0 m, possuindo abertura zenital e tela termorrefletora 50% sob o plástico e viveiro telado de tela de sombreamento 50%, com pé-direito de 3,5 m. Foram utilizados cinco substratos com doses de 0; 7; 14; 21 e 28% de composto orgânico Organosuper® (oriundos de resíduos de frigoríficos, bagaço de cana, frutas, legumes, cereais, entre outros) misturado ao solo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em parcelas subdivididas, com dez repetições. Na estufa com pé-direito de 2,5 m, ocorreram os maiores acúmulos de biomassa seca no mamoeiro com os substratos com 0, 7 e 14% de Organosuper®; na estufa com pé-direito de 4,0 m, abertura zenital e tela termorrefletora sob o filme, ocorreram as maiores plantas, com maior número de folhas para os substratos com 7 e 14% de Organosuper®; aos 50 dias após a semeadura, os substratos com 7; 14 e 21 % propiciaram mudas maiores, maior número de folhas e biomassas frescas e secas; o substrato com percentagem de composto orgânico acima de 21% mostrou-se inadequado para o desenvolvimento das mudas do mamoeiro.<br>The objective of this research was to evaluate contents of organic compounds and protected environment in the formation of papaya seedling. The experiment was carried out in 2007 from September to December. The environments were: plastic greenhouse with height of 2.5m; nursery with height of 2.5m covered by shade net with black monofilament of 50% shading rate; nursery with height of 2.5m covered by Aluminum shading screen with shading rate of 50%; nursery with height of 1.8m covered by straw of native coconut; plastic greenhouse with height of 4.0m covered by zenith opened and thermal shade net under the roof, and nursery with height of 3.5m covered by shade net with black monofilament of 50% shading rate. Five commercial organic compound named ORGANOSUPER® (made of residues of cold storage room, sugar cane bagass, fruits, vegetables, and cereals) contents of 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28%, mixed with soil. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized split-plot scheme, with ten replications. In the greenhouse with height of 2.5 m there were the highest accumulation of dry biomass in papaya with substrates containing 0, 7 and 14% Organosuper®; the greenhouse with height of 4.0 m, and zenith opening, screen under thermo-reflective film, showed the largest plants, with larger leaves for substrates with 7 and 14% Organosuper®; 50 days after sowing the substrates 7, 14 and 21% favored the development of plants, higher number leaves and fresh and dry biomass. The substrates with over 21% and without organic compound were improper for development of the papaya seedling

Doses de composto orgânico comercial na composição de substratos para a produção de mudas de maracujazeiro em diferentes tipos de cultivo protegido Contents of commercial organic compound in the production of passiflora seedlings in different types of protected cultivation

Doses de composto orgânico comercial misturado ao solo foram utilizadas como substrato na produção de mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo. O experimento foi conduzido no Campus de Aquidauana, da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, de setembro a dezembro de 2007. Utilizaram-se seis ambientes protegidos: estufa plástica com pé-direito de 2,5m; viveiro telado com Sombrite® 50%, com pé-direito de 2,5m; viveiro telado de tela termo-refletora Aluminet® 50%, com pé-direito de 2,5m; viveiro coberto com palha de coqueiro, com pé-direito de 1,8m; estufa plástica com pé-direito de 4,0m, possuindo abertura zenital e tela termo-refletora 50% sob o plástico e, viveiro telado de tela de sombreamento 50%, com pé-direito de 3,5m. Foram utilizados cinco substratos com doses de 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28% de composto orgânico misturado ao solo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em parcelas subdivididas, com dez repetições. As parcelas principais foram os ambientes de cultivo e as subparcelas foram os substratos. Conclui-se que a estufa agrícola com altura de 4,0m, o viveiro agrícola com altura de 3,5m e o viveiro coberto com palha de coqueiro nativo propiciaram melhor desenvolvimento das mudas. As doses de 7%, 14% e 21% de composto orgânico se mostraram viáveis para composição de substratos com solo da região.<br>Contents of commercial organic compound mixed with soil were used as substrate in the production of Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. seedlings. The experiment was carried out in the Aquidauana Campus at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, from September to December of 2007. Six environments were used: plastic greenhouse with height of 2.5m; nursery with height of 2.5m covered by shade net with black monofilament of 50% shading rate; nursery with height of 2.5m covered by Aluminum shading screen with shading rate of 50%; nursery with height of 1.8m covered by straw of native coconut; plastic greenhouse with height of 4.0m, zenith opened and thermal shade netting from Aluminet® under the roof and nursery with height of 3.5m covered by shade net with black monofilament of 50% shading rate. Five commercial organic compound contents of 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28%, mixed with soil were used. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized split-plot scheme where the environments were principal plot and substrates were subplots. The greenhouse with height of 4.0 m, the nursery with height of 3.5 m and the nursery covered with coconut fibers showed the best seedlings. The contents of 7%, 14% and 21% of commercial organic compounds were viable for composition of the substrates with local soil