Efecto de la época de recolecta y órgano de la planta sobre el contenido de metales de Amaranthus Dubius Mart. ex Thell

El amaranto (Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell.) es utilizado como planta forrajera en la alimentación de ovinos, caprinos, porcinos y bovinos, además, de ser reportada como arvense en diversos cultivos comerciales. Se evaluó el contenido de metales en hojas, tallos y panículas de amaranto recolectado en época lluviosa y seca. Las plantas fueron cultivadas en la población de Merecure, municipio Acevedo, estado Miranda, Venezuela. Se determinó la concentración de Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Al, Cd, Pb y Hg por espectroscopia de absorción atómica y Na y K por fotometría de llama. Los valores encontrados fueron superiores a los reportados por otros investigadores en la misma y en otras especies de amaranto. Los metales mayoritarios fueron Ca, K, Al, Mg y Fe. Se detectó trazas de Hg y no se evidenció la presencia de Cd y Pb. La acumulación de metales fue heterogénea entre los órganos de la planta y estuvo influenciada por la época de recolect

Effect of the inclusion of Amaranthus dubius in diets on carcass characteristics and meat quality of fattening rabbits

This study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation with Amaranthus dubius on carcass characteristics and meat quality of fattening rabbits. One hundred and six New Zealand White rabbits, weaned at 35 d of age, were assigned to three experimental diets including 0%, 16% and 32% of A. dubius (A0, A16 and A32), and were fed ad libitum until their slaughter at 87 d of age. Drip loss percentage (A0: 2.47, A16: 3.83 and A32: 3.61%; P < .05), dissectible fact percentage (A0: 3.02, A16: 3.63 and A32: 3.77%; P < .05) and thoracic cage percentage (A0: 12.97, A16: 13.68 and A32: 13.68%; P < .05) increased with diets including A. dubius. Contrarily, hind part percentage (A0: 40.00, A16: 38.95 and A32: 38.89%; P < .05) and compactness of the carcass decreased (A0: 2.38, A16: 2.42 and A32: 2.48; P < .01). The inclusion of A. dubius in the diets increased protein (A0: 21.52, A16: 23.76 and A32: 24.27%; P < .05) and fat contents (A0: 3.33, A16: 4.16 and A32: 5.39%; P < .05), while moisture of meat decreased proportionally (A0: 74.23, A16: 70.99 and A32: 67.70%; P < .05). These findings suggest that A. dubius can be considered as an alternative raw material for rabbit feeding in tropical and subtropical regions where it is widespread

Effects of diets with Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. on performance and digestibility of growing rabbits

[EN] The effects on performance and digestibility in growing rabbits were studied by comparing 3 diets containing increasing inclusion rates of amaranth (Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell.): 0 (A0), 160 (A16) and 320 g/kg (A32 diet). Diets were formulated isoproteic and isocaloric to meet the nutrient requirements of growing rabbits. One hundred and thirteen weaned New Zealand White rabbits (mean±standard deviation weight: 760±102 g), individually caged, were randomly assigned to one of the 3  experimental diets. Rabbits were fed ad libitum from 35 to 87 d of age, and health status and performance traits were  onitored. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility of the diets were measured between 42 and 46 d of age in 12 rabbits per treatment. Amaranthus dubius contained 209 g/kg dry matter (DM) of crude protein and 398 g/kg DM of neutral detergent fibre. There were no significant differences between treatments in weight gain (mean 21.6 g/d) and live weight at the end of the fattening period (mean 1883 g). Daily feed intake was higher (P<0.05) in A0 than in A16 and A32 diets (85.4 vs. 73.7 and 69.9 g/d, respectively), and feed conversion rate improved with increased inclusion of A. dubius in the diet (from 3.84 to 3.28 for A0 and A32 diets, respectively; P<0.05). Health status was not affected by the amaranth inclusion rate. Total tract apparent digestibility showed high values, with no differences among diets except for ether extract. Thus, A. dubius could be considered as an alternative source of protein and fibre for rabbit feeding in tropical and subtropical regions.The authors thank the Consejo de Desarrollo Científico y Humanístico of the Universidad del Zulia (CONDESLUZ) for funding this project, Dr. Rosa Carabaño for his advice on some aspects of the experimental design, and the company Tolsa Group (Madrid, Spain) for donating the sepiolite used in the feed formulation.Molina, E.; González-Redondo, P.; Moreno-Rojas, R.; Montero-Quintero, K.; Bracho, B.; Sánchez-Urdaneta, A. (2015). Effects of diets with Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. on performance and digestibility of growing rabbits. World Rabbit Science. 23(1):9-18. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2015.2071SWORD918231Acevedo I., García O., Acevedo I., Perdomo C. 2007. Valor nutritivo del bledo (Amaranthus spp) identificado en el municipio Morán, Estado Lara. Agrollanía, Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología, 4: 77-93.AOAC International 2000. Official Methods of Analysis, 17th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.AOAC International. 2005. Official Methods of Analysis. 18th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Maryland, USA.Arellano M.A., Albarracín G., Arce S., Mucciarelli S. 2004. Estudio comparativo de hojas de Beta vulgaris con Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. Phyton-Int. J. Exp. Bot., 73: 193-197.Bautista E., Barrueta H.D.E. 2000. Bledo (Amaranthus spp.) como ingrediente en dietas para conejos en crecimiento y engorde. Rev. Cient. UNET, 12: 1-17.Cheeke P.R. 1986. Potentials of rabbit production in tropical and subtropical agricultural systems J. Anim. Sci., 63: 1581-1586

Psychosocial effects of COVID-19 in Ecuadorian university professors

The objective of this work is to analyze the psychosocial effects of COVID-19 on Ecuadorian university professors, for which a quantitative research of descriptive and correlational nature was developed. Two instruments were applied, based on the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales and the Burnout questionnaire to the selected sample, in three public universities of easy access and linkage with the researchers. The population consisted of professors with appointment: 682 from the Technical University of Manabí, 678 from the Lay University Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, and 131 from the State University of Southern Manabí, from which a sample of 246, 246 and 98 professors was selected respectively. From the results it is derived that depression, anxiety, and stress were configured in psychosocial effects, which have had an impact during the COVID-19 pandemic on the professors of the universities studied, due to the pressure originated by new emerging methodological structures, the acquisition of other competences associated to technology, health and the risks of contagion, death and by the pedagogical attention through virtuality, unexpectedly arisen in times of pandemic

Determinación de la relación entre Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) y Dothiorella sp. en guayabo (Psidium guajava L.) | Relationship determination between Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) and Dothiorella sp. in guava (Psidium guajava L.)

Se diseñó un experimento para determinar la relación entre el ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis y Dothiorella sp. El ensayo se realizó en guayabos del Centro Frutícola del Zulia, Mara (10º 49’ 98’’LN y 71º 46’ 33’’LO), seleccionando 20 plantas, lascuales se sometieron a tratamientos para la obtención de frutos con heridas y sin heridas del ácaro, e inoculados o no con el hongo, aplicando acaricida (Peropal®), fungicidas (Bavistín® y Captan®) y aspersiones del inóculo según cada caso. Los frutos se cosecharon a los 14, 21, 28, 35, 49, 56 y 84 días post-antesis (dpa). El número de ácaros se contabilizó en los sépalos (adaxial y abaxialmente), pedúnculo y baya. La aparición de Dothiorella se verificó sembrando los frutos en PDA y en cortes histológicos del ápice, observando la presencia de los picnidios. Se utilizó el paquete SAS®, prueba de medias deTukey y análisis de frecuencia. Se obtuvo 1,79% de frutos con crecimiento del hongo, en ausencia de ácaros e inoculados o no con Dothiorella sp., de 14 y 84 dpa, respectivamente. El estudio histológico evidenció sólo la presencia de Dothiorella sp. en un fruto de 84 dpa inoculado y sin ácaros. Los resultados obtenidos no pudieron demostrar si los daños ocasionados por B. phoenicis facilitaron la entrada de Dothiorella sp., ya que los tratamientos donde se presentaron los ácaros y se inoculó el hongo, éste no se manifestó, probablemente por las condiciones climáticas durante el ensayo. Las poblaciones del ácaro fluctuaron según los tratamientos y la edad del fruto en las diferentes estructuras; donde se aplicó fungicida en presencia de ácaros fue el que obtuvo la mayor población a los 35 dpa en los sépalos abaxialmente.Palabras clave: Ácaro fitófago, pudrición apical del fruto, guayabo.ABSTRACTA experiment was conducted to determine the relationship between the mite Brevipalpus phoenicis and Dothiorella sp. Twenty plants from a experimental orchard located at the Centro Frutícola del Zulia, Mara (10º 49’ 98’’LN and 71º 46’ 33’’LO) were selected and treated with the purpose of obtaining fruit with and without mite injuries, and inoculated or not with Dothiorella, applying a mitecide (Peropal®), fungicides (Bavistín® and Captan®) and aspersions of Dothiorella innoculum according to each treatment. The fruits were harvested at 14, 21, 28, 35, 49, 56 y 84 days post-anthesis (dpa). Mites were counted at sepals (abaxial and adaxially), peduncles and berry. The presence of Dothiorella was verified placing the fruit on PDA for the growth of the fungi and with histological sections to locate the pycnidia in the apical portion of the fruit. SAS Program, Tukey´s and Frecuency Analysis were used to analyze the data. Dothiorella was present in 1.79% of the fruits inoculated or not with conidia of the fungi, in absence of mites at 84 and 14 dpa respectively. The hystological analysis found one fruit with Dothiorella treated with innoculum and with no mites at 84 dpa. The results could not demostrate if the injuries caused by the mites facilitate the entrance of Dothiorella, since fruits were the miteswere present and the inocullum of Dothiorella was applied was not verified on PDA, this coud have happened for unfavourable climatic conditions for the inocullum in the field. Mites fluctuated depending on the treatmentsand the age of the fruitis and its parts, the highest mean mite was at 35 dpa on abaxial sepals.Key words: Phytophagous mite, stylar-end rot disease, guava

FERTILIZACIÓN CON MAGNESIO EN PLÁTANO ‘BARRAGANETE’ (MUSA AAB) ECUADOR

El cultivo de plátano es importante por el aporte que genera en la socio-economía y seguridad alimentaria de Ecuador, pues suministra alimentos ricos en energía a la mayor parte de la población. Además, se hace necesario realizar manejos de la fertilización que permitan una mejor utilización de este recurso e incrementar los rendimientos. Por ello, se evaluó la fertilización con magnesio en plátano ‘Barraganete’ (Musa AAB) en El Carmen, Manabí, Ecuador. La investigación se condujo en la Granja Experimental “Rio Suma”, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, extensión en El Carmen, ubicada a 260 msnm, temperatura promedio de 24 C, precipitación anual de 2 684 mm. Se aplicaron seis niveles de MgO (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 kg ha1) para conocer su efecto sobre la morfo-fisiología y el rendimiento de las plantas. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con seis tratamientos y tres repeticiones; la siembra se realizó con un distanciamiento de 2,50 m 1,80 m (2 222 plantas ha1), y las variables de crecimiento vegetativo se evaluaron como medidas repetidas en el tiempo. Los resultados demostraron diferencias en todas las variables morfo-fisiológicas, lo que demostró que la fertilización con 30% de MgO afectó el crecimiento de las plantas; no obstante, las variables reproductivas no fueron afectadas por las dosis aplicadas; la dosis de 25 kg ha1 generó los mejores rendimientos, eficiencia agronómica y factor parcial de productividad.//Plantain is an important crop for Ecuador due to its contribution in socio-economy and food security of this country, supplying rich-energy food to most of the population; in addition, it is necessary to carry out fertilization management that allows a better use of this resource and increase the yield. Magnesium fertilization in ‘Barraganete’ (Musa AAB) plantain was evaluated in El Carmen, Manabí, Ecuador. The research was conducted in the Experimental Farm “Rio Suma”, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Extension El Carmen, located at 260 masl, average temperature of 24 C, annual rainfall of 2 684 mm. Six levels of MgO (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 kg ha1) were applied to know its effect on morpho-physiology and plant yield. A completely randomized block design with six treatments and three replications was used; the sowing was carried out with a distance of 2.50 m 1.80 m (2 222 plants ha1), and the variables of vegetative growth were evaluated as repeated measures over time. The results demonstrated significant differences in all the morpho-physiological variables, which showed that fertilization with 30% MgO affected the growth of the plants; however, the reproductive variables were not affected by the applied doses; the 25 kg ha1 dose generated the best yields, agronomic efficiency and partial productivity factor

Hypolipidemic and Hypoglycaemic Effect of Wholemeal Bread with Amaranth (Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell.) on Sprague Dawley Rats

The effect of consuming breads made with wheat flour and Amaranth (Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell.) wholemeal flour on Sprague Dawley rats with hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia induced through feeding was studied. Four diets were provided: control (CD: Ratarina&reg;), commercial bread (CBD), bread with 100 g&middot;kg&minus;1 (ABD10) and 200 g&middot;kg&minus;1 (ABD20) amaranth flour. Zoometric and blood chemistry parameters were measured before and after consuming the diets. A completely random factorial design of 2 &times; 4 &times; 2 was used. The factors were blood lipids and glucose level (normal, N and elevated, E), diet (CD, CBD, ABD10 and ABD20) and sex (female, F and male, M). The rats consuming ABD10 and ABD20 diets presented the lowest glucose values, although with no differences (p &gt; 0.05) between the groups of elevated blood lipids and glucose rats (E). Triglyceride concentrations decreased in ABD10 and ABD20 treatments in comparison with CD, elevated blood lipids and glucose (E) rats, while ABD10 rats showed lower total cholesterol level than normal (N) rats. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values increased in the ABD10 and ABD20 groups (p &lt; 0.05), while it did lower for very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiac risk index (p &lt; 0.05). In ABD10 and ABD20 treatments, the abdominal circumference decreased in both sexes (p &lt; 0.05) between weeks 23 and 31. In conclusion, consumption of bread with amaranth improved lipid profiles of rats and could help to prevent metabolic and cardiovascular diseases

Emergencia y crecimiento inicial de plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) en diferentes sustratos: Crecimiento de plántulas de tomate en diferentes sustratos

The substrate is one of the fundamental factors in the production of tomato seedlings. The emergence and initial growth of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in different substrates was evaluated. The research was carried out at the Maranatha Educational Unit, located in El Carmen, Manabí, Ecuador. Polystyrene culture trays with 50 cells (volume 300 cm3) were used. The seeds used were of the Floradel variety. Three treatments (substrates) were established: agricultural land (black soil, T1), cocoa harvest remains (cocoa soil, T2) and wood cut remains (sawdust, T3), with three repetitions, each with 50 plants, in a totally randomized block treatment design, each tray corresponded to one treatment. The variables evaluated were emergence (%) and length of the seedlings (cm), and in the last sampling the stem diameter (mm) was measured. Seedling emergence reached an average of 72%. T1 presented 83% of emergence and length of the seedlings of 8.13 cm and 2.45 mm of stem diameter. It is concluded that the black soil generates the greatest development of tomato seedlings, as they present greater length and diameter, even when they did not have the greatest emergence.El sustrato es uno de los factores fundamentales en la producción de almácigos de tomate. Se evaluó la emergencia y crecimiento inicial de plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) en diferentes sustratos. La investigación se realizó en la Unidad Educativa Maranatha, ubicada en El Carmen, Manabí, Ecuador. Se utilizaron bandejas de cultivo de poliestireno con 50 alveolos (volumen 300 cm3). Las semillas utilizadas fueron de la variedad Floradel. Se establecieron tres tratamientos (sustratos): tierra agrícola (tierra negra, T1), restos de cosecha de cacao (tierra de cacao, T2) y restos de corte de madera (aserrín, T3), con tres repeticiones, cada una con 50 plantas, en un diseño de tratamientos en bloques totalmente al azar, cada bandeja correspondió a un tratamiento. Las variables evaluadas fueron emergencia (%) y longitud de las plántulas (cm), y en el último muestreo se midió el diámetro del tallo (mm). La emergencia de las plántulas alcanzó en promedio 72%. T1 presentó 83% de emergencia y longitud de las plántulas de 8,13 cm y 2,45 mm de diámetro del tallo. Se concluye que la tierra negra genera el mayor desarrollo de las plántulas de tomate, al presentar mayor longitud y diámetro, aun cuando no tuvieron la mayor emergencia

Efectos psicosociales del COVID-19 en profesores universitarios ecuatorianos

The objective of this work is to analyze the psychosocial effects of COVID-19 on Ecuadorian university professors, for which a quantitative research of descriptive and correlational nature was developed. Two instruments were applied, based on the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales and the Burnout questionnaire to the selected sample, in three public universities of easy access and linkage with the researchers. The population consisted of professors with appointment: 682 from the Technical University of Manabí, 678 from the Lay University Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, and 131 from the State University of Southern Manabí, from which a sample of 246, 246 and 98 professors was selected respectively. From the results it is derived that depression, anxiety, and stress were configured in psychosocial effects, which have had an impact during the COVID-19 pandemic on the professors of the universities studied, due to the pressure originated by new emerging methodological structures, the acquisition of other competences associated to technology, health and the risks of contagion, death and by the pedagogical attention through virtuality, unexpectedly arisen in times of pandemi