Comparison between french and portuguese sensory evaluation applied on wool light fabrics

In the frame of bilateral collaboration, the same samples made of wool and dedicated to men suits (light fabrics) have been tested through sensory evaluation panel that has been developed in France (Mulhouse) and Portugal (Guimarães). In this paper, the obtained results have been analyzed, discussed, simulated and differences obtained have been statistically analyzed. It is appeared that for some samples the two panels have highlighted the same marking or the same trends and for others the evaluations have been really different. An analysis, attribute per attribute, have been carried out and it has been shown that some attributes have not been evaluated in the same manner depending on the nationality of the panelists.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Ternary erbium chromium sulfides : structural relationships and magnetic properties

Single crystals of four erbium-chromium sulfides have been grown by chemical vapor transport using iodine as the transporting agent. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that in Er(3)CrS(6) octahedral sites are occupied exclusively by Cr(3+) cations, leading to one-dimensional CrS(4)(5-) chains of edge-sharing octahedra, while in Er(2)CrS(4), Er(3+), and Cr(2+) cations occupy the available octahedral sites in an ordered manner. By contrast, in Er(6)Cr(2)S(11) and Er(4)CrS(7), Er(3+) and Cr(2+) ions are disordered over the octahedral sites. In Er(2)CrS(4), Er(6)Cr(2)S(11), and Er(4)CrS(7), the network of octahedra generates an anionic framework constructed from M(2)S(5) slabs of varying thickness, linked by one-dimensional octahedral chains. This suggests that these three phases belong to a series in which the anionic framework may be described by the general formula [M(2n+1)S(4n+3)](x-), with charge balancing provided by Er(3+) cations located in sites of high-coordination number within one-dimensional channels defined by the framework. Er(4)CrS(7), Er(6)Cr(2)S(11), and Er(2)CrS(4) may thus be considered as the n = 1, 2, and infinity members of this series. While Er(4)CrS(7) is paramagnetic, successive magnetic transitions associated with ordering of the chromium and erbium sub-lattices are observed on cooling Er(3)CrS(6) (T(C)(Cr) = 30 K; T(C)(Er) = 11 K) and Er(2)CrS(4) (T(N)(Cr) = 42 K, T(N)(Er) = 10 K) whereas Er(6)Cr(2)S(11) exhibits ordering of the chromium sub-lattice only (T(N) = 11.4 K)

The electro-spinning devices the opened door to the nano dimension

Nano tim u Laboratoriju za fizikalna i mehanička ispitivanja tekstila (Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles- LPMT) razvija i istražuje od 2004. uređaje za elektroispredanje sa svrhom dobivanja filamentnih proizvoda promjera u nano dimenzijama. Da bi se to postiglo, provedena su istraživanja u različitim smjerovima, jedno u smjeru razvoja uređaja za elektroispredanje, drugo u smjeru razvoja uvjeta elektroispredanja i njihovog optimiranja, i treće u smjeru razvoja proizvoda posebnih svojstava s obzirom na strukturu i orijentaciju filamenata. Tako dobiveni proizvodi uglavnom su razvijeni za medicinske svrhe.Since 2004, the Nano-team of LPMT has developed and investigated the electro-spinning facilities in order to produce products made of filament presenting a nano-size in diameters. In order to achieve these goals, the following studies have been carried out in different directions, one on the electro-spinning devices, one on the electro-spinning conditions and their optimisation and the last area to be studied has been the development of product with specific properties in terms of structure and filament orientations. These products are mainly developed for medical purposes

Savoirs locaux sur la maladie chez les Gbe au Bénin, le cas du paludisme: éléments empiriques pour une anthropoplogie de la santé

L’objectif de ce travail est de décrire et d’analyser les représentations et les pratiques liées au paludisme auprès des communautés Fon et Waci (sud et centre du Bénin). L’étude a porté sur un échantillon de 425 enquêtés. On a procédé à des entretiens individuels approfondis et à des discussions de groupe. Dans les nosologies Fon et Waci le paludisme est considéré comme une “maladie de la chaleur ou du soleil”, “maladie de la fatigue”, “maladie d’une mauvaise alimentation”, “maladie du sorci..

Savoirs locaux sur la maladie chez les Gbe au Bénin, le cas du paludisme: éléments empiriques pour une anthropoplogie de la santé

L’objectif de ce travail est de décrire et d’analyser les représentations et les pratiques liées au paludisme auprès des communautés Fon et Waci (sud et centre du Bénin). L’étude a porté sur un échantillon de 425 enquêtés. On a procédé à des entretiens individuels approfondis et à des discussions de groupe. Dans les nosologies Fon et Waci le paludisme est considéré comme une “maladie de la chaleur ou du soleil”, “maladie de la fatigue”, “maladie d’une mauvaise alimentation”, “maladie du sorci..

Patched receptors sense, interpret and establish an epidermal Hedgehog signalling gradient

By employing the sensitivity of single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridisation (smFISH) we have precisely quantified the levels and defined the temporal and spatial distribution of Hedgehog signalling activity during embryonic skin development, and uncovered that there is a Hedgehog signalling gradient along the proximal-distal axis of developing hair follicles. In order to explore the contribution of Hedgehog receptors Ptch1 and Ptch2 in establishing the epidermal signalling gradient, we quantitated the level of pathway activity generated in Ptch1 and Ptch1;Ptch2-deficient skin and defined the contribution of each receptor to regulation of the levels of Hedgehog signalling identified in wild-type skin. Moreover, we show that both the cellular phenotype and level of pathway activity featured in Ptch1;Ptch2-deficient cells faithfully recapitulates the Peak level of endogenous Hedgehog signalling detected at the base of developing follicles, where the concentration of endogenous Shh is predicted to be highest. Taken together, these data demonstrate that both Ptch1 and Ptch2 play a crucial role in sensing the concentration of Hedgehog ligand and regulating the appropriate dose-dependent response

Crime and gambling disorders: A systematic review

It is generally believed that there is an instrumental relationship between problem gambling and crime such that some gamblers resort to illegal activity to recoup financial shortfalls resulting from their gambling. However, a clear understanding of the risk factors for the commission of crimes beyond financial stresses is absent in the literature. The aim of this review was to identify the nature of crimes perpetrated by problem gamblers and the factors that contribute to the commission of gambling-related crimes. A systematic review adhering to guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement searching eight databases – PsycINFO, Westlaw AU, Heinonline, Legal Source via Ebsco, Legaltrac via Gale, PubMed, Scopus, and Medline – was conducted. A total of 21 papers were included after screening and application of exclusion criteria. All studies examined reported crimes committed by problem gamblers, with a validated assessment tool measuring problem gambling. The review provided evidence that gambling-related crime typically consists of non-violent, income-generating offences. However, it also revealed that problem gamblers may commit violent crimes at a higher than expected rate, which may have been concealed by deliberate and unintentional under-reporting of gambling-related crimes. The causal relationship between problem gambling and violent crime, however, remains uncertain. Based on this review, suggestions are offered for the evaluation of perpetrators of gambling-related crime on a case-by-case basis, to better understand the relationship between gambling and crime and facilitate more frequent application of therapeutic jurisprudence in future.This work was supported by funding provided by the School of Psychology, Science Faculty, the University of Sydney. This work was supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award [DE1060100459] awarded to Dr. Sally Gainsbury

Human chondrocytes in tridimensional culture.

peer reviewedCartilage was taken from the macroscopically normal part of human femoral heads immediately after orthopedic surgical operations for total prothesis consecutive to hip arthrosis. After clostridial collagenase digestion and repeated washings, chondrocytes (10(6) cells) were cultivated in a gyrotory shaker (100 rpm). Under these conditions, cells were kept in suspension and after 3 to 5 d formed a flaky aggregate which, on Day 10, became dense. These chondrocytes were morphologically differentiated: they had a round shape, were situated inside cavities, and were surrounded by a new matrix. Histochemical methods showed the presence of collagen and polysaccharides in cell cytoplasm and in intercellular matrix, and the immunofluorescence method using specific antisera (anticartilage proteoglycans and anti-type II collagen) showed that these two constituents were in intercellular matrix. The measurement of the amounts of proteoglycans (PG) released into culture medium and those present in chondrocyte aggregate (by a specific PG radioimmunoassay) showed a maximum production on Days 3 to 5 of culture, then the production decreased and stabilized (from Day 10 to the end of culture). The observed difference between the amounts of PG in aggregates after 20 d and those after 2 h of culture demonstrated that PG neosynthesis did occur during cultivation. This conclusion was supported by other results obtained by [14C]glucosamine incorporation in chondrocyte aggregates. Moreover, the aggregate fresh weight related to cell number (appreciated by DNA assay) increased significantly with culture duration. Three-dimensional chondrocyte culture represents an interesting model: chondrocytes were differentiated morphologically as well as biosynthetically and synthesized a new cartilage matrix

Vegan diets : practical advice for athletes and exercisers.

With the growth of social media as a platform to share information, veganism is becoming more visible, and could be becoming more accepted in sports and in the health and fitness industry. However, to date, there appears to be a lack of literature that discusses how to manage vegan diets for athletic purposes. This article attempted to review literature in order to provide recommendations for how to construct a vegan diet for athletes and exercisers. While little data could be found in the sports nutrition literature specifically, it was revealed elsewhere that veganism creates challenges that need to be accounted for when designing a nutritious diet. This included the sufficiency of energy and protein; the adequacy of vitamin B12, iron, zinc, calcium, iodine and vitamin D; and the lack of the long-chain n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA in most plant-based sources. However, via the strategic management of food and appropriate supplementation, it is the contention of this article that a nutritive vegan diet can be designed to achieve the dietary needs of most athletes satisfactorily. Further, it was suggested here that creatine and β-alanine supplementation might be of particular use to vegan athletes, owing to vegetarian diets promoting lower muscle creatine and lower muscle carnosine levels in consumers. Empirical research is needed to examine the effects of vegan diets in athletic populations however, especially if this movement grows in popularity, to ensure that the health and performance of athletic vegans is optimised in accordance with developments in sports nutrition knowledge