32 research outputs found
In vitro antioksidacijska, citotoksiÄna i antidijabetiÄka aktivnost hidrolizata proteina iz Reevesove barske kornjaÄe (Chinemys reevesii)
Research background. Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are the biggest causes of death globally. Bioactive peptides derived from many food proteins using enzymatic proteolysis and food processing have a positive impact on the prevention of these diseases. The bioactivity of Chinese pond turtle muscle proteins and their enzymatic hydrolysates has not received much attention, thus this study aims to investigate their antioxidant, antidiabetic and cytotoxic activities.
Experimental approach. Chinese pond turtle muscles were hydrolysed using four proteolytic enzymes (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, trypsin and bromelain) and the degrees of hydrolysis were measured. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was conducted to explore the amino acid profiles and molecular mass distribution of the hydrolysates. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using various in vitro tests, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2ā-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reducing capacity, chelating Fe2+ and lipid peroxide inhibition activity. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated using Ī±-amylase inhibition and Ī±-glucosidase inhibition assays. Besides, cytotoxic effect of hydrolysates on human colon cancer (HT-29) cells was assessed.
Results and conclusions. The amino acid composition of the hydrolysates revealed higher mass fractions of glutamic, aspartic, lysine, hydroxyproline and hydrophobic amino acids. Significantly highest inhibition of lipid peroxidation was achieved when hydrolysate obtained with Alcalase was used. Protein hydrolysate produced with Flavourzyme had the highest radical scavenging activity measured by DPPH (68.32%), ABTS (74.12%) and FRAP (A700 nm=0.300) assays, Ī±-glucosidase (61.80%) inhibition and cytotoxic effect (82.26%) on HT-29 cell line at 550 Āµg/mL. Hydrolysates obtained with trypsin and bromelain had significantly highest (p<0.05) hydroxyl radical scavenging (92.70%) and Fe2+ metal chelating (63.29%) activities, respectively. The highest Ī±-amylase (76.89%) inhibition was recorded when using hydrolysates obtained with bromelain and Flavourzyme.
Novelty and scientific contribution. Enzymatic hydrolysates of Chinese pond turtle muscle protein had high antioxidant, cytotoxic and antidiabetic activities. The findings of this study indicated that the bioactive hydrolysates or peptides from Chinese pond turtle muscle protein can be potential ingredients in pharmaceuticals and functional food formulations.Pozadina istraživanja. Kardiovaskularne bolesti i dijabetes najÄeÅ”Äi su uzroci smrti na svijetu. Bioaktivni peptidi dobiveni proteolizom i preradom hrane imaju pozitivan uÄinak na prevenciju tih bolesti. BioloÅ”ka aktivnost proteina iz miÅ”iÄa Reevesove barske kornjaÄe i njihovih hidrolizata nije dovoljno istražena, stoga je svrha ovoga rada bila ispitati njihovu antioksidacijsku, antidijabetiÄku i citotoksiÄnu aktivnost.
Eksperimentalni pristup. MiÅ”iÄi Reevesove barske kornjaÄe hidrolizirani su pomoÄu proteolitiÄkih enzima (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, tripsin i bromelain), te su mjereni stupnjevi hidrolize proteina. Aminokiselinski sastav i distribucija molekularne mase hidrolizata ispitani su pomoÄu visokodjelotvorne tekuÄinske kromatografije. Antioksidacijska aktivnost odreÄena je razliÄitim testovima in vitro, ukljuÄujuÄi sposobnost uklanjanja 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazila (DPPH), 2,2ā-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sumporne kiseline) (ABTS) i hidroksil radikala, keliranja Fe2+ i inhibicije lipidne peroksidacije. AntidijabetiÄka aktivnost ispitana je testovima inhibicije Ī±-amilaze i Ī±-glukozidaze. Osim toga, analiziran je citotoksiÄni uÄinak hidrolizata na stanice tumora debelog crijeva (HT-29).
Rezultati i zakljuÄci. Analizom aminokiselinskog sastava hidrolizata pronaÄeni su veÄi maseni udjeli glutaminske i asparaginske kiseline, lizina, hidroksiprolina te hidrofobnih aminokiselina od onih u nehidroliziranim proteinima. Hidrolizat proteina dobiven pomoÄu proteolitiÄkog enzima Alcalase bitno je inhibirao peroksidaciju lipida. Pri koncentraciji od 550 Āµg/mL, hidrolizat proteina dobiven pomoÄu enzima Flavourzyme imao je najveÄu sposobnost uklanjanja slobodnih radikala mjerenu pomoÄu DPPH (68,32 %), ABTS (74,12 %) i FRAP (A700 nm=0,300) metoda, inhibicije Ī±-glukozidaze (61,80 %) te najveÄi citotoksiÄni uÄinak na staniÄne linije HT-29 (82.26 %). Hidrolizat proteina dobiven pomoÄu tripsina imao je znatnu (p<0,05) aktivnost uklanjanja hidroksilnih radikala (92,70 %), a onaj dobiven pomoÄu bromelaina najveÄu aktivnost keliranja Fe2+ (63,29 %). NajveÄa inhibicija Ī±-amilaze postignuta je pomoÄu hidrolizata proteina dobivenih djelovanjem bromelaina i enzima Flavourzyme.
Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Hidrolizati proteina miÅ”iÄa Reevesove barske kornjaÄe dobiveni enzimskom hidrolizom imali su veliku antioksidacijsku, citotoksiÄnu i antidijabetiÄku aktivnost. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da se ti hidrolizati ili peptidi zbog svojih bioaktivnih svojstava mogu upotrijebiti kao sastojak u farmaceutskim i funkcionalnim prehrambenim proizvodima
Assessing disparities in medical studentsā knowledge and attitude about monkeypox: a cross-sectional study of 27 countries across three continents
Background and aimsThe recent monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) underscores the importance of evaluating the knowledge and attitude of medical students toward emerging diseases, given their potential roles as healthcare professionals and sources of public information during outbreaks. This study aimed to assess medical studentsā knowledge and attitude about Mpox and to identify factors affecting their level of knowledge and attitude in low-income and high-income countries.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 11,919 medical students from 27 countries. A newly-developed validated questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge (14 items), attitude (12 items), and baseline criteria. The relationship between a range of factors with knowledge and attitude was studied using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results46% of the study participants were males; 10.7% were in their sixth year; 54.6% knew about smallpox; 84% received the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine; and 12.5% had training on Mpox. 55.3% had good knowledge of Mpox and 51.7% had a positive attitude towards it. Medical students in their third, fifth, or sixth year high- income countries who obtained information on Mpox from friends, research articles, social media and scientific websites were positive predictors for good knowledge. Conversely, being male or coming from high-income countries showed a negative relation with good knowledge about Mpox. Additionally, a positive attitude was directly influenced by residing in urban areas, being in the fifth year of medical education, having knowledge about smallpox and a history of receiving the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Receiving information about Mpox from social media or scientific websites and possessing good knowledge about Mpox were also predictors of a positive attitude. On the other hand, being male, employed, or receiving a training program about Mpox were inversely predicting positive attitude about Mpox.ConclusionThere were differences in knowledge and attitude towards Mpox between medical students in low and high-income countries, emphasizing the need for incorporating epidemiology of re-emerging diseases like Mpox into the medical curriculum to improve disease prevention and control
Enhancing response farming for improved strategic and tactical agronomic adaptation to seasonal rainfall variability under the semi-arid conditions of Ethiopia
The research developed a strategic predictor capable of advanced prediction of rainfall parameters by a lead time of two to three months, a marked improvement over previous forecasting. Using the amount of off-season and cumulative early-season rainfall, seventeen prediction models that can facilitate in-season tactical response farming (RF) were developed. Predictive capacity is crucial for rainfall variability and farming conditions in the drylands of Ethiopia. An increased maize grain yield by 70% was achieved from enhanced RF (ERF) forecasts which guided maize production strategy, and was tested at 55 sites during the 2010-11 seasons.Doctor of Philosoph
Correlation Among Some Statistical Measures of Phenotypic Stability in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Genotype-environment interaction and stability analysis for grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in Ethiopia
Fifteen maize genotypes were tested at nine different locations in 2005 under rainfed condition to determine stable maize genotypes for grain yield and determine genotypes with high yield and form homogenous grouping of environments and genotypes. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. There was considerable variation among genotypes and environments for grain yield. Stability was estimated using the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI). Based on the stability analysis, genotypes 30H83, BH-540, Ambo Synth-1, AMH-800 and BHQP-543 were found to be stable for grain yield. The first two Interaction Principal Component axis (IPCA1 and IPCA2) were significant (
Nutritional composition and phytochemical content of wild edible tuber (amorphophallus abyssinicus) crop
ABSTRACTThere are various neglected and underutilized tuber crops grown in Ethiopia with remarkable nutritional potential, the most prominent being Amorphpohallus abyssinicus. The study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition, functional property, and phytochemical contents of two cultivars of A. abyssinicus (locally termed as Hambaguyta, and Bagana). Results of the study showed that the two cultivars significantly (pāā¤ā.05) differ in moisture (11.51%, 9.11%), ash (2.64%, 3.6%) and crude fiber (1.46%, 2.42%) contents for hambaguyta and bagana, respectively. The cultivars were found to possess high carbohydrate (79.37% and 79.15%) and low lipid (0.47%, 0.47%) contents. In terms of mineral composition, calcium was found to be abundant in both cultivars. Bagana tuber has shown higher contents of magnesium (25.19āmg/100āg), Zinc (4.74āmg/100āg), and phosphorus (176.85āmg/100āg) than hambaguyta. However, heavy metals, including lead, arsenic, and mercury were below their detection limits. Phytochemicals: phytate, tannins, oxalate, cyanide, and polyphenols such as total phenol and flavonoid were determined for both cultivars. Good water absorption and low oil absorption capacities were also recorded for the two cultivars. Generally, this study can provide valuable information about these two cultivars as they have ample potential for the application of food and food-related product development
Impacts of past and current climate variability and climate change in agricultural systems of semi-arid areas of Ethiopia : a review
Ethiopian peopleās livelihoods rely on the agricultural sector, which is limited in its capacity to adapt to changes in climate. As the country already endures high temperature and low and erratic rainfall, model projections indicate the sector to be especially vulnerable to climate change. Drought, followed by flood and occasional frost, are the major climatic disasters in Ethiopia. Forest areas have dramatically declined. Native wildlife they host is out-migrating and under threat of extinction. Bio-diversity losses are immense. This review provides background information and current conditions (2007) in the agricultural sector in Ethiopia in relation to climate change and vulnerability
Impacts of past and current climate variability and climate change in agricultural systems of semi-arid areas of Ethiopia : a review
Ethiopian peopleās livelihoods rely on the agricultural sector, which is limited in its capacity to adapt to changes in climate. As the country already endures high temperature and low and erratic rainfall, model projections indicate the sector to be especially vulnerable to climate change. Drought, followed by flood and occasional frost, are the major climatic disasters in Ethiopia. Forest areas have dramatically declined. Native wildlife they host is out-migrating and under threat of extinction. Bio-diversity losses are immense. This review provides background information and current conditions (2007) in the agricultural sector in Ethiopia in relation to climate change and vulnerability
East African agriculture and climate change: A comprehensive analysis - Ethiopia
Non-PRIFPRI2; CRP7EPTDCGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS