STUDIES OF MALARIA TRANSMISSION RISK FACTORS IN A TIME OF MILITARY-POLITICAL CRISIS IN BOUAKE URBAN AREA (IVORY COAST)

In order to assess the risk of malaria transmission to which populations are exposed in a time of war in besieged areas, studies were conducted between April and June, 2008, in a district of Bouaké, a town in the humid savannah of the central Ivory Coast. This study’s objective was to describe the malaria situation in an urban environment during a period of military crisis. Data were gathered from personal interviews with heads of households and direct observations. Analysis of our results has made it possible to assess the various sources of mosquito proliferation, especially anopheles malaria vectors. The presence of anopheles is associated with two factors: kennedy’s natural environment; and the deterioration of the surroundings caused by war. Indeed, the principal breeding sites encountered in kennedy are mainly comprised of vegetable and rice plots in the low land; puddles of water in the cracks resulting from damaged roads; and ruined or abandoned dwellings. The wide array of anopheles breeding sites and the deterioration of the environment are all factors which increase the risk of malaria transmission in Kennedy, where most inhabitants do not protect themselves against mosquito bites

STRUCTURE GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS D’ANOPHELES NILI S.S VECTEUR DU PALUDISME EN MILIEU RURAL ET PERIURBAIN DE COTE D’IVOIRE

In Côte d’Ivoire, the Anopheles nili s.s species plays an important role in malaria transmission. However, the transmission of malaria by the populations of An. nili s.s in different regions of Côte d’Ivoire exhibits heterogeneous patterns. The study was initiated to find out whether the diversity of malaria vectorial transmission with An. nili s.s from different regions was linked to a heterogeneity of these species populations in Côte d’Ivoire. To better conduct this study, 134 individuals of An. nili s.s mosquitoes were obtained from a human landing collection and a study on the structure of the populations was carried out by isoenzyme analysis of 7 loci (IDH1, IDH2, PGI, GOT, ME, MDH, PGM). The study sites include Ganse (rural, shrubby savannah), Gbatta, Gouliako (rural, forest zone), Nambekaha (rural, Sudanian savannah), and Kpehiri (peri-urban, forest zone). The An. nilis.s populations in Côte d’Ivoire have on average 1.5 to2.5 alleles per locu and were at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The comparison of the populations shows over the 7 loci, no significant difference between the pairs of populations. The comparison of the An. nili s.s populations from Kpehiri to that of Ganse shows over all loci a significant difference (Fst = 0,1086 ; P= 0,0147). The structure of the An. nili s.s populations in Côte d’Ivoire is not linked to the distribution of the large vegetal groups (forest, shrubby savannah Sudanian savannah). Yet, there is a difference between the Ganse population, in a rural zone, located close to the Comoe National Park and that of Kpehiri in the peri-urban area