Neural network and its application in aquaculture

In the-past decades the researchers and managers have used empirical, statistical models or complicated mathematical models predict the consequences of management regimes or actions, and to assist in decision making

Rice-Magnaporthe transcriptomics reveals host defense activation induced by red seaweed-biostimulant in rice plants

Red seaweed extracts have been shown to trigger the biotic stress tolerance in several crops. However, reports on transcriptional modifications in plants treated with seaweed biostimulant are limited. To understand the specific response of rice to blast disease in seaweed-biostimulant-primed and non-primed plants, transcriptomics of a susceptible rice cultivar IR-64 was carried out at zero and 48 h post inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae (strain MG-01). A total of 3498 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified; 1116 DEGs were explicitly regulated in pathogen-inoculated treatments. Functional analysis showed that most DEGs were involved in metabolism, transport, signaling, and defense. In a glass house, artificial inoculation of MG-01 on seaweed-primed plants resulted in the restricted spread of the pathogen leading to the confined blast disease lesions, primarily attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The DEGs in the primed plants were defense-related transcription factors, kinases, pathogenesis-related genes, peroxidases, and growth-related genes. The beta-D-xylosidase, a putative gene that helps in secondary cell wall reinforcement, was downregulated in non-primed plants, whereas it upregulated in the primed plants indicating its role in the host defense. Additionally, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, pathogenesis-related Bet-v-I family protein, chalcone synthase, chitinases, WRKY, AP2/ERF, and MYB families were upregulated in seaweed and challenge inoculated rice plants. Thus, our study shows that priming rice plants with seaweed bio-stimulants resulted in the induction of the defense in rice against blast disease. This phenomenon is contributed to early protection through ROS, protein kinase, accumulation of secondary metabolites, and cell wall strengthening

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Not AvailableIn the-past decades the researchers and managers have used empirical, statistical models or complicated mathematical models predict the consequences of management regimes or actions, and to assist in decision making.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableIn the-past decades the researchers and managers have used empirical, statistical models or complicated mathematical models predict the consequences of management regimes or actions, and to assist in decision making.Not Availabl

Identification of Promotor and Exonic Variations, and Functional Characterization of a Splice Site Mutation in Indian Patients with Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia.

BACKGROUND:Mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (UH), due to reduced activity of the enzyme uridine diphosphoglucuronate-glucuronosyltransferase family, polypeptide 1 (UGT1A1), is a common clinical condition. Most cases are caused by presence in homozygous form of an A(TA)7TAA nucleotide sequence instead of the usual A(TA)6TAA sequence in promoter region of the UGT1A1 gene. In some cases, other genetic variations have been identified which differ between populations. There is need for more data on such genetic variations from India. METHODS:DNA from subjects with unexplained persistent or recurrent UH was tested for the presence of TA promoter insertions. In addition, all five exons and splicing site regions of UGT1A1 gene were sequenced. Several bioinformatics tools were used to determine the biological significance of the observed genetic changes. Functional analysis was done to look for effect of a splice site mutation in UGT1A1. RESULTS:Of 71 subjects with UH (68 male; median age [range], 26 [16-63] years; serum bilirubin 56 [26-219] μM/L, predominantly unconjugated) studied, 65 (91.5%) subjects were homozygous for A(TA)7TAA allele, five (7.0%) were heterozygous, and one (1.4%) lacked this change. Fifteen subjects with UH had missense exonic single nucleotide changes (14 heterozygous, 1 homozygous), including one subject with a novel nucleotide change (p.Thr205Asn). Bioinformatics tools predicted some of these variations (p.Arg108Cys, p.Ile159Thr and p.Glu463Val) to be deleterious. Functional characterization of an exonic variation (c.1084G>A) located at a splice site revealed that it results in frameshift deletion of 31 nucleotides and premature truncation of the protein. CONCLUSION:Our study revealed several single nucleotide variations in UGT1A1 gene in Indian subjects with UH. Functional characterization of a splice site variation indicated that it leads to disordered splicing. These variations may explain UH in subjects who lacked homozygous A(TA)7TAA promoter alleles

Effect of administration of a probiotic preparation on gut microbiota and immune response in healthy women in India: an open-label, single-arm pilot study

Abstract Background Probiotics have been shown to be useful for the treatment of many disease conditions. These beneficial effects are believed to be mediated by change in the composition of gut microbiota and modulation of the host immune responses. However, the available data on the effect of probiotics on these parameters are quite limited. Methods We studied the composition of fecal microbiota, using 16S rRNA sequencing, and host immune responses in peripheral blood (plasma cytokine levels, T cell subsets and in vitro cytokine production after stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 antibody or lipopolysaccharide) in a group of 14 healthy women at three time-points – before and after administration of a probiotic preparation (a capsule of VSL#3, each containing 112.5 billion freeze-dried bacterial cells belonging to 8 species, twice a day for 4 weeks), and 4-weeks after discontinuation of the probiotic administration. Results There was no change in the abundance of various bacterial taxa as well as in the alpha diversity of gut microbiota following administration of the probiotic, or following its discontinuation. Probiotic administration led to a reduction in the relative frequency of circulating Th17 cells, and in vitro production of cytokines in whole-blood cultures in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. However, it had no effect on the relative frequencies of Th1, Th2 and T regulatory cells among circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells, on plasma cytokine levels and on in vitro production of cytokines by T cells. Conclusions We found that VSL#3 administration did not lead to any changes in gut flora, but led to a reduction in the frequency of Th17 cells and in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine on lipopolysaccharide stimulation. These findings suggest that the beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of this preparation in patients with autoimmune and allergic disorders may be related to reduced production of monocyte-derived cytokines rather than to changes in the composition of gut microbiota. Trial registration NCT03330678, Date of registration 30th October 2017. Retrospectively registered

Electropherogram showing G/A mutation at nucleotide 1084 (located on the last nucleotide of exon 3).

<p>The nucleotide of interest is marked by a dotted box. The upper panel shows data from a subject homozygous for wild-type G nucleotide, the middle panel shows a subject with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia who had heterozygous GA genotype, and the lower panel shows a subject with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia who had homozygous mutant A genotype.</p

Results of fragment length analysis for detection of TA insertion in the TATA box region of the <i>UGT1A1</i> gene in a subject with heterozygous genotype.

<p>The blue line relates to fluorescence of 6-FAM; the two peaks marked with solid arrows indicate 90 base-pair and 92 base-pair products for A(TA)₆TAA and A(TA)₇TAA promoter alleles, respectively. The red line relates to fluorescent dye bound to the molecular weight markers, lengths for which are marked at the bottom.</p