Comprehensive review on Madayantika (Lawsonia inermis L.)

Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine is gaining importance throughout the world due to its novel healing approach. Nature has gifted us with abundant medicinal plants to create disease free and healthy life. Dravyaguna is one unique branch explained in Ayurveda which deals with herbal drugs along with their properties, action and its application in different diseases. Madayantika (Lawsonia inermis L.) is one such plant which is cultivated throughout India owing to its commercial value. It is a shrub with leaf, flower, roots and seeds as its useful parts. It is mainly useful in Kustha (Skin diseases), Kamala (Jaundice), Shwitra (Vitiligo), Jwara (fever), etc. It is also used as fungicidal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesic and anticancerous effects. It is also known for its cosmetic use as a colouring agent for hair, nails, etc. Hence an effort is made to review the drug Madayantika (Lawsonia inermis L.

Endovascular Management of Postoperative Hemorrhage after Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Objective The aim of the study was to assess the safety and efficacy of endovascular management for postpancreaticoduodenectomy hemorrhage

Bedside Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Cholecystostomy in Critically Ill Patients—Outcomes in 51 Patients

Purpose The aim of this study was to report technical and clinical success of bedside ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) tube placement in intensive care unit (ICU)

Literary Review on Kebuka [Costus speciosus (J.Koenig) Sm.]

Introduction: The plant Kebuka a is a perennial herb used in Indian systems of medicine and is widely used in folklore medical practice throughout the world. Kebuka (Costus speciosus (J.König) Sm.) belonging to the family Costaceae, is one among the plants described under Shaka Varga (Group of vegetables), a sub-group of Ahara varga (Group of eatables) as mentioned in classical treatises of Ayurveda. Aim: To obtain a comprehensive review on Kebuka (as a medicinal plant) from Ayurvedic scriptures and Ethnomedicinal use of the plant. Results: Various names have been attributed to it in the classics. The single use of the drug and its use in compound formulations is mentioned in Brhattrayi and Nighantus of Ayurveda. The drug shows wide application under ethnomedicinal practices. Conclusion: Through the review, the medicinal aspects of the drug were understood as mentioned in Ayurveda classics and from ethnomedicinal uses. Since the drug is widely distributed and easily available in the most parts of Indian subcontinent, further pre-clinical and clinical research on the drug is required to establish the therapeutic efficiency and it’s mechanism of action in various disorders

Organ-Specific Glucose Uptake: Does Sex Matter?

Glucose uptake by peripheral organs is essential for maintaining blood glucose levels within normal range. Impaired glucose uptake is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome and is characterized by insulin resistance. Male sex is an independent risk factor for the development of T2D. We tested whether sex and diet are independent variables for differential glucose uptake by various organs. Here, in a longitudinal study, we used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) to determine baseline differences in whole-body glucose uptake in young male and female mice on chow and high-fat diets. We report that sex and diet are important independent variables that account for differential glucose uptake in brown fat, skeletal muscle, liver, heart, kidney, and the stomach, but not the brain, lungs, pancreas, small intestine, or perigonadal adipose. Of the seven organs analyzed, two organs, namely brown fat, and the heart had the highest concentrations of FDG, followed by the brain, kidneys, and skeletal muscle on chow diet. Young female mice had 47% greater FDG uptake in the brown fat compared to male mice, whereas skeletal muscle FDG uptake was 49% greater in male mice. The high-fat diet inhibited FDG uptake in brown fat, skeletal muscle, and the heart, three major organs involved in uptake, whereas brain uptake was enhanced in both sexes. These foundational and groundbreaking findings suggest that mechanisms of glucose homeostasis are context- and organ-dependent and highlight the need to study sex-specific outcomes and mechanisms for diseases such as T2D, obesity, and metabolic syndrome

Comprehensive review on Arishtaka (Sapindus trifoliatus L. and S. mukorossi Gaertn)

Introduction: Arishtaka is a small to medium sized deciduous tree, mentioned in Ayurveda classics which is botanically identified as Sapindus trifoliatus L. and Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. belonging to family Sapindaceae. Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn is mainly used in North India while Sapindus trifoliatus in Southern India. Fruit, root, leaf and seed are the useful parts. The plant has been mentioned with different synonyms in our classics. Objective: To obtain a comprehensive review on Arishtaka from Ayurvedic scriptures and ethnomedicinal practices. Method: Information regarding the drug Arishtaka has been compiled from Brhattrayi - Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hrudaya and Samgraha, printed and online sources of Nighantu, The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Database on Medicinal Plants used in Ayurveda, Quality Standards of Indian Medicinal Plants, Indian Medicinal Plants, Indian Materia Medica, Wealth of India, Dravyaguna Vijnana Volume 2 by Priyavrat Sharma, Dravyakosha by Karnataka Knowledge Commission, Dravyaguna Hastamalaka and Online articles related to experimental study on Sapindus species. Result: The drug shows wide therapeutic and folklore use. It was found the drug was known with 22 synonyms which was compiled from 6 Nighantus. Conclusion: Since the drug is available in the most parts of Indian subcontinent, further experimental, pre-clinical and clinical research on the drug is required to establish the therapeutic efficiency and mechanism of action on the above-mentioned disorders

IOT Based Wireless Data Technology Using LORA and GSM

Traditional agriculture is converting into smart agriculture due to the bulge of the IoT (Internet of things). An agriculture services platform is developed to support environmental monitoring and to improve the efficiency of agriculture management. Contemporary the Internet of things (IoT) is one of the highest promising application areas in information technology for forthcoming products and services. And, the agriculture field is changing expeditiously pointing to the future of automated and embedded systems with a bunch of sensors to monitor and curb the flourishing plants in a way to profit associated with it. However, one of the major issues of IoT is still a conversion between devices, notably on long-range. LoRa is lately accepted as auspicious communication technology, due to its properties such as long-range, two-way communication, and low cost. In this work, the LoRa technology is applied in the agriculture sector for making long-distance, low-cost communication. This work includes sensing and monitoring the parameters such as level, temperature, and humidity and also controlling the said parameters with the help of a remote unit. The proposed system is based on a high-performance microcontroller, integrated temperature and humidity sensor on real-time data analysis. The use of Data collection, pattern classification and apply strategic analysis then control execution for the final result

EMPTY AND FILLED BOTTLE INSPECTION SYSTEM

Automated Visual Inspection System (AVIS) have a strong ability for quality control in manufacturing industries by inspecting products automatically instead of manual inspections. This paper gives methods for bottle inspection in manufacturing industries. The paper describes mechanism for the defect detection, top and bottom detection, cap placement and fill level inspection. For empty bottle inspection the image is processed by contrast enhancement and then circular Hough transform is used. The location and radius of top and bottom of bottle is analyzed. After filling the bottle with liquid and placing the cap, edge detection method is used which is followed by horizontal line detection to identify whether fill level and cap closure is appropriate or not. Presented bottle inspection system works with 100% accuracy in proper illumination condition

Why does that molecule smell?

Learning structure-scent relationships is a complex challenge due to both the large chemical space of odorous molecules and the molecular biology of a smell. We empirically fit structure-scent relationships by training an accurate graph neural network and then explaining its predictions. We use counterfactuals and descriptor attribution to generate explanations for the 112 scents in the Leffingwell Odor Dataset (Sanchez-Lengeling et al., 2019). Then we use natural language processing to summarize the quantitative explanations into text. The complete process goes from data to a natural language explanation with the aim of determining structure-scent relationships

A Perspective on Explanations of Molecular Prediction Models

Chemists can be skeptical in using deep learning (DL) in decision making, due to the lack of interpretability in "black-box" models. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is a branch of AI which addresses this drawback by providing tools to interpret DL models and their predictions. We review the principles of XAI in the domain of chemistry and emerging methods for creating and evaluating explanations. Then we focus methods developed by our group and their application to predicting solubility, blood-brain barrier permeability, and the scent of molecules. We show that XAI methods like chemical counterfactuals and descriptor explanations can both explain DL predictions and give insight into structure-property relationships. Finally, we discuss how a two step process of highly accurate black-box modeling and then creating explanations gives both highly accurate predictions and clear structure-property relationships