39 research outputs found
Effects of Yucca schidigera extract on the growth performance, feed efficiency, body composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) and culture water quality
Get PDFOne of the important goals in the aquaculture industry is to increase fish production with the least stress from ammonia secretion. Yucca plant (Yucca schidigera) was composed of steroidal saponins, polysaccharides, and polyphenols, which have increase the intestinal flora activity to improving the digestive process, also great absorption capacity for harmful volatile compounds, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different Yucca schidigera extract levels on the Cyprinus carpio growth, feed performance, body composition and culture water quality for 60 days. Experimental treatments were designed which include: T1 (control without extracts), T2, T3 and T4 treatments (containing 0.5, 1 and 1.5% Yucca extract respectively). In a completely randomized design, 360 Common carp fish with weight of 2.40±0.04 g and length of 5.47±0.05 cm were reared in twelve 40-L plastic tanks. Different levels of extract were sprayed on commercial food and consumed at 4 times daily. There was significantly higher final body weights in T4 (p<0.05) compared with control (T1) and other experimental treatments (T2 and T3). Similarly, significantly better (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR), 2.01±0.37 and protein efficiency ratio (PER), 0.17±0.01 was noticed in T4 compared to control (FCR 2.71±0.31 and PER 0.14±0.01). The biochemical composition of carcass had a significant difference between treatments (p<0.05). The body chemical composition analysis showed that the low levels of crude protein and the high levels of crude lipids in T4 treatment were 62.87±2.63% and 26.29±1.55%, respectively. The physical and chemical parameters were within the recommended range for C.carpio. The experiment treatments had the lowest amount of ammonia and the highest amount of nitrate compared to the control treatment in culture water. The results of this experiment showed that the use of Yucca extract can improve the growth, feed performance, body composition and the water quality of the common carp culture system
Interactions between cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes confer sex‐specific effects on lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
Get PDFGenetic variation outside of the cell nucleus can affect the phenotype. The cytoplasm is home to the mitochondria, and in arthropods often hosts intracellular bacteria such as Wolbachia. Although numerous studies have implicated epistatic interactions between cytoplasmic and nuclear genetic variation as mediators of phenotypic expression, two questions remain. Firstly, it remains unclear whether outcomes of cyto-nuclear interactions will manifest differently across the sexes, as might be predicted given that cytoplasmic genomes are screened by natural selection only through females as a consequence of their maternal inheritance. Secondly, the relative contribution of mitochondrial genetic variation to other cytoplasmic sources of variation, such as Wolbachia infection, in shaping phenotypic outcomes of cyto-nuclear interactions remains unknown. Here, we address these questions, creating a fully crossed set of replicated cyto-nuclear populations derived from three geographically distinct populations of Drosophila melanogaster, measuring the lifespan of males and females from each population. We observed that cyto-nuclear interactions shape lifespan and that the outcomes of these interactions differ across the sexes. Yet, we found no evidence that placing the cytoplasms from one population alongside the nuclear background of others (generating putative cyto-nuclear mismatches) leads to decreased lifespan in either sex. Although it was difficult to partition mitochondrial from Wolbachia effects, our results suggest at least some of the cytoplasmic genotypic contribution to lifespan was directly mediated by an effect of sequence variation in the mtDNA. Future work should explore the degree to which cyto-nuclear interactions result in sex differences in the expression of other components of organismal life history
Phytotherapy in Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica
Get PDFLeishmaniasis is a tropical zoonotic disease, transferred from conveyer sandflies. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is the second common disease after malaria, prevalent in many tropical countries of the world. Using herbal medicines as anti-Leishmania is the current world's research hot topic. In this review article, we tried to report Iran's medicinal plants that are effective on Leishmania protozoan infantum and tropica. For this study, articles were searched by the following keywords: Leishmania, Leishmania infantum, Leishmania tropica, herbs, extract, essence, and Iran. Data from databases were searched, including Google Scholar, ISC, SID, Magiran and a number of other databases. The relevant articles were identified. Ultimately, 7 relevant articles were selected and reviewed for the study. Based on the obtained results, it was found that Flavanoles and Flavonoids Glycosides, from catechins category and flavonoids such as epigalocatechins, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, galocatechins, catechin, 2-methyl butyl amide, quercetin, kaempferol, echinasin, echinacosid, echinolon, homolon, caryophyllene, ceteroles, chromones, flavonoids, antraquinon, dyterpenoides, Tripenoids, catechin, furfural, chromon, chrisofanin, derivatives of sesquiterpens, coumarin, sulfur compounds, coumarin glycosides, sulfur compounds of disulfide and trisulfide are important components of Echinacea herbs, Iranian shallots, Green tea, Khoi coma, Coma plain, cassia, and pistachio are effective herbs on Leishmania infantum and tropica in Iran
Determining Appropriate Buses and Networks for Applying Demand Side Management Programs by Structural Analysis of EENS
No full textThe main goal of this paper is to structurally analyze impact of DSM programs on reliability indices. A new approach is presented to structurally decompose reliability index Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) by using Monte Carlo simulation. EENS is decomposed into two terms. The first term indicates EENS which is caused by generation contingencies. The second term indicates EENS which is caused by transmission and generation contingencies. The proposed approach can be used to indicate appropriate buses for applying DSM. Furthermore, networks are studied at two levels HLI and HLII. Studies show that in some networks reliability indices are affected mostly at the HLI level. While in some other networks, reliability indices are influenced mostly at the HLII level. It means that in these networks, reliability indices are affected by transmission contingencies. Then, it is shown that the implementation of load shifting is effective in some networks and buses. These are the ones which their EENS is more influenced by generation contingencies. However it is not effective in the ones which their EENS is more influenced by transmission contingencies. The simulation results on the IEEE-RTS and Khorasan network show the efficiency of the proposed approach
OPTIMIZATION MODELING OF GRADE CONTROL STRUCTURES DESIGN TO STABILIZE RIVERS
No full textDue to human activities or natural changes rivers are subject to erosion and sedimentation. One of the best ways to control erosion and sedimentation is through grade control structures. Grade control structures are, in fact, a kind of structures constructed along the river reach to decrease longitudinal bed slope and control erosion. They stabilize the riverbed by increasing resistance to flow shear stress. This research deals with developing an optimization model to design a special type of these structures with the above function, called bed sills. Bed sills are constructed transversely across a cross section with the same level as bed elevation to protect river bed from erosion. In this respect, optimization model is developed as composition of hydraulic and structure modules under objective functions of minimum construction cost and maximum structure stability. The result of model not only consists of optimized dimension of bed sill, which consists of width, height, distance and number, but also the costs of construction implementation and depth of scouring. The model is then calibrated for Dough river. Comparing the obtained results with Bed sills of Dough river shows that the optimization modeling of grade control structures is able to obtain variations of designs for the objectives of minimum construction cost and maximum structure stability. In the next step, sensitivity analysis is carried out on input variables of longitudinal slope and design discharge to understand the effect of variations of these on cost and dimensions of the structure. Further on, sensitivity analysis results are applied for validation of the model.Model's sensitivity in the longitudinal slope can be applied in the Mountain rivers. These rivers can choose equations such as Meyer-peter and Muller equation, because they reduce costs and increase stability of Bed sills. The results of this study can be used for the prediction of optimized dimensions of Bed sills
The Relationship between Moral Intelligence and Aggression in Nurses
No full textBackground & Aim: Moral intelligence is one of the dimensions of intelligence that can provide a framework for the proper functioning of human beings. Anger can have a significant impact on the quality of nursing care. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between moral intelligence and anger in the nurses of Ilam city in 2019. Methods & Materials: In a study, a group of 69 nurses working in emergency and individual departments were chosen. Data collection was done with a demographic profile form and Lanic and Kiel's moral intelligence questionnaires (2011) and Buss and Perry's aggression questionnaires (1992). Data were analysed via SPSS-22 software. A coefficient of 0.05 was implemented. Results: The average Moral Intelligence score of all the nurses was 149.04 +/- 17.90, and Average aggression score of all the nurses was 72.62 +/- 17.34. Between moral intelligence and aggression of all nurses (r=-0.33, p=0.007) and emergency ward nurses (r=-.053, p=0.0020) There was a significant inverse correlation. Conclusion: Considering nurses 'day-to-day confrontation with work-related problems, it is necessary to pay attention to moral intelligence and its relationship with anger. Inclusion of the necessary training on the relationship between moral intelligence and anger management are suggested in nursing and nursing student curricula
Microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability of Cu–Zn–Mg and Cu–Zn–Sb brass alloys
No full textA rare case report of extensive cutaneous Leishmaniasis lesions on ear from Dehloran city, West of Iran and the treatment process
Get PDFBackground and objectives: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic zoonotic disease and the sixth most important tropical parasitic disease, according to the WHO reports. This disease causes a lesion with remaining scar. Case presentation: This case report presents a patient with cutaneous Leishmaniasis. A 35-year- old male patient weighing 83 kg, residing in Dehloran (Ilam, West of Iran) referred to the leishmaniasis center of Dehloran in June 2015 with a 1 x 10 cm wide wound on the right ear. Specimens were prepared from the lesion, stained with Giemsa, and studied under microscope, which revealed Leishmaniasis parasite
