Denture impaction in the oesophagus: correlation of site and duration of impaction with sequelae

Background: Denture restores aesthesis and function of missing teeth. Accidentally swallowed denture is an otorhinolaryngology emergency. The types of denture base and oesophageal anatomy infuluence the site of impaction.Objective: To review site of denture impaction and factors associated with site of impaction. To correlate site and duration of denture impaction before removal with associated sequelae.Method: A retrospective study of 27 patients managed in Otorhinolaryngology Department of University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria for oesophageal partial denture impaction, between August 2006 and September 2016. The demographic and clinical data of the patients were extracted from the hospital records, and statistical tables were used to illustrate the data.Results: A total of 27 patients; 14(51.9%) males and 13(48.1%) females, (M: F, 1.1:1) were studied. The age ranged from 24 to 77 years (mean age 49.0 ± 14.2years). Dentures were worn for 3 to 30 years (mean 3.8 ± 2.3years) without follow-up visit to dentist and 85.2% were upper dentures. All patients had history of accidental ingestion of denture, and the mean site of impaction was 18.2 ± 3.2cm from upper incisor, typically at upper cervical oesophagus in elderly patients and in lower oesophagus in females. There was no association between site of denture impaction, duration of denture impaction and operative findings.Conclusion: Advanced age and female gender are associated with site of denture impaction. Late hospital presentation significantly promotes sequelae associated with management of impacted dentures. It is recommended that fundamental changes in denture designs, education on regular follow-ups and avoidance of ill-fitting dentures would reduce the prevalence of denture impaction.Keywords: Denture impaction, Health education, Oesophagus, Oesophagoscopy and Nigeri

Impact of industrial effluents on Alaro river in Oluyole industrial estate, Ibadan and its suitability for aquatic life

Human activities involving urbanization, agricultural development, overuse of fertilizers, inadequate management of land use and waste disposal can affect the quality of water and making it unfit for both aquaculture and domestic purposes. Thus, overexploitation and its attendant pollution is dangerous and threatening to spoil freshwater and aquatic ecosystems. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate quality of water around an industrial area in order to assess its suitability for aquatic life and to evolve policies for use and protection of water resources. A total number of thirty (30) water samples were collected from six (6) different sites and were subjected to hydrochemical analysis using various standard methods to determine their conformity to World Health Organization (WHO) maximum allowance concentration. As against the WHO recommendation of absence of colouration for drinking water, the water samples were not all colourless but had varying colours ranging from light green to greenish brown. The mean values of Conductivity (387.27uS), pH (7.38), Total Suspended Solids [TSS] (423.87mg/L) and Total Dissolved Solids[TDS] (212.97mg/L) fall within the WHO standard, those of Salinity (0.18%), Turbidity (149.00 NTU), Biochemical Oxygen Demand[BOD] (106.80mg/L), Chemical Oxygen Demand[COD] (187.10mg/L) and NH4 (4.44mg/L) were higher than the WHO standard while Dissolved Oxygen[DO] (3.49mg/L) and CL-(39.48mg/L) fall below the standard. These parameters make Alaro river unsuitable for aquatic life (fish) and therefore recommended that government and other stakeholders should take overdue steps in the development and implementation of waste water and industrial effluent receiving facilities in order to prevent discharge of untreated effluents into water bodies.Keywords: Fresh water, Hydrochemical, Pollution, Standard, Urbanizatio

Effect of semen extenders on the motility and viability of stored African Catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) spermatozoa

This study assessed the effects of common extenders and diluents on the spermatozoa of African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ), with the intent of obtaining a semen preservation protocol that can serve as a means of making fingerlings available to fish farmers all year round. Semen samples (milt) were pooled from mature broodstock males and pre-extension qualities were evaluated. Egg yolk, tomato juice and sodium citrate buffers were combined in four different trials and used to preserve obtained semen at temperatures of 5\ub0C and -40\ub0C for 8 days and 4 weeks respectively in different trials. Motility indices of extended, preserved, refrigerated and frozen semen were used to analyze the effect of the various combinations. Forward, progressive and rectilinear motion was employed as a significant measurement of the livability of extended sperm cells and the efficacy of the extender solution. The result of the study showed that the buffer (sodium citrate) on its own performed excellently well (sperm motility was 85%) in enhancing survival within the first 24-48 hours post extension; Semen extended with 20% tomato juice gave the best survival rate when stored at 5\ub0C, because the sperm cells were still viable by day 6 post- extension. Extender containing 20% egg yolk gave 70% motility while that containing 10% egg yolk mixed with 10% tomato juice gave 60% motility. However, motility decreased progressively as the period of storage increased. The results of the effect of freezing (at -40\ub0C) on motility revealed that no motility was observed in all the cryopreserved trials except the sample containing 10% egg yolk and 10% tomato juice, which recorded 10% post-thaw motility

An observation on the acquisition or loss of trematode (Clinostomum tilapiae) by Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in culture systems

The acquisition or loss of Clinostomum tilapiae parasites by Oreochromis niloticus was studied. Four groups of 25 healthy fishes were stocked in the upper part of serial experimental ponds, while another four groups of 25 infected fishes were also stocked at the rear part of the serial experimental ponds. All the groups were fed at 3% body weight with the same compounded fish feed. Acquisition or loss of parasites and growth was monitored for a period of six months. The mean relative growth rate was 11.04kg/month for the healthy fishes and 5.62g/month for the infected fishes. The mean specific growth rate was 38.75% and 31.25% for the healthy and infected groups respectively. However the results were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The parasite did not multiply on the host body rather the infection rate reduced from 100% to between 44 and 78%, parasite burden was reduced from an average of 3 per fish to 2.25 while the healthy fish acquired the parasite and the average burden was 2.15. The mean values of the prevailing water quality parameters were within the optimum range acceptable in fish culture systems in the tropics

Pharyngo-cutaneous fistula post total-laryngectomy: A local experience

Background: Pharyngo-cutaneous fistula is a major complication of total laryngectomy. Despite its significant impact on the patients' nutrition and management outcome, there is lack of consensus for recognising high-risk patients and factors associated with fistula formation. Hence, this study was aimed at determining the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula and factors associated with fistula formation.Methods: A retrospective collection of data on all cases of laryngeal cancer diagnosed histologically and had total laryngectomy, in the  Otorhinolaryngology Department of a tertiary centre in Southwestern, Nigeria, from 2007 – 2016. The data collected includeage, gender, tumour stage, tracheostomy, adjuvant therapy extent of laryngectomy procedure and factors for pharyngo-cutaneous fistula.Results: Forty-two patients had total laryngectomy, male to female ratio was 7.4:1 and mean age was 52.3 ± 2.1 years. All patients had pathological diagnosis of stage 3 (83.3%) and stage 4 (16.7%) laryngeal cancer, respectively. The incidence of pharyngo-cutaneous fistula was11.9% and the factors related to fistula formation were prior radiotherapy treatment and diabetes. Age, gender, neck dissection procedures, site of primary tumor and emergency tracheostomy did not contribute to fistula formation. Spontaneous fistula closure was achieved in all cases except one patient who had surgical closure.Conclusion: Pharyngo-cutaneous fistula formation post-surgery is related to the presence of co-morbidities. The high percentage of spontaneous closure underscores the need for a conservative management approach. Keywords: Laryngeal Cancer, Laryngectomy, Neck dissection, Pharyngo-cutaneous fistula, Post-surgery, Radiotherap

Selectivity of three aquatic weeds as diet for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

A total of sixty juvenile Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) were fed three species of aquatic weed, namely Azolla filiculoides (water fern), Elodea sp. and Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) to determine which of the weeds will be selectively consumed, and preferred of all. A control group of twenty Nile tilapia was fed compounded feed. The selectivity of the weeds was observed based on their utilization as food source, and Azolla filiculoides was found to be highly utilized, followed by Elodea sp. and the roots of Pistia stratiotes. The growth response of the fish to the diets was found to be highest for fish fed compounded feed followed by Azolla filiculoides and Elodea sp., while Pistia stratiotes produced a negative growth trend. It is therefore postulated that Azolla filiculoides and Pista sp. are good feedstuffs for O. niloticus especially when used together with other feedstuff

Seasonal variation in plants consumption pattern by foraging Olive Baboons ( Papio anubis . Lesson, 1827) inside Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria

This study which lasted for eight (8) months in 2011, covering the period of dry and wet seasons examined seasonal plant species consumed by foraging Olive baboon ( Papio anubis ) inside Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria. Data were collected in the morning between 8.00am - 12.00pm and in the evening between 2.00pm - 6:00pm. Plant species and their parts eaten were monitored and identified through direct observation and faecal analysis. It was observed that seven plants species ( Andropogon gayanus , Strychnos spinosa , Nuclear latifiora, Vitelaria paradoxa , Ficus sycomorus , Annona senegalensis and Tamarindus indica ) were consumed in the wet season with 303 feeding events while ten plants species ( Detarium macrocarpum , Gardenia sotoemsis, Parkia biglobosa , Piliostigma thonningii , Pterocarpus erinaceus , Prosopis africana , Ficus sycomorus , Xamenia americana, Annona senegalensis and Vitex doniana) were consumed during the dry season with 315 feeding events. The feeding pattern shows that plants with higher nutritional quality were often consumed. Seasonal variation showed slight disparity in the nutrient composition of the identified plants. It was concluded that seasonal variations do affect the plants consumption pattern of foraging Olive baboon and that exsitu conservation of these plants is imperative for sustainable captive management of Olive baboon