Duane retraction syndrome in a Nigerian child

We report a case of a four year old Nigerian girl who presented to the paediatric unit of our eye clinic with complaints of a squint on looking to the right side and reduction in the size of the right eye when looking to the left. On examination, she had right exotropia in the primary position of gaze. There was limitation of abduction and widening of the palpebral fissure of the right eye on right gaze. On left gaze there was narrowing of the palpebral fissure of the right eye with marked limitation of adduction and an upshoot, or occasionally a  downshoot, of the eyeball. This report demonstrates that Duane’s syndrome occurs in West Africa. Therefore, detailed examination of all patients with squints is important to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the patient’s condition.Key words: Duane syndrome, West Africa, child, squint, eye movemen

Bilateral Congenital Anophthalmia: A Report of Two Cases and a Case for Increased Anomaly Ultrasound Scans Coverage in Pregnancy in Nigeria

This is a report of two cases of patients with bilateral congenital anophthalmos who presented to a tertiary hospital, in Ibadan Southwest Nigeria, with the aim of highlighting the need for increased implementation of fetal anomaly scans coverage during pregnancy in Nigeria. Information on patients’ sociodemographic data, clinical features, and management are described. Both patients presented because of the inability of the parents to view the globes after delivery. Ophthalmic examination and ocular ultrasonography confirmed bilateral absence of the eyeballs in both patients and the parents were counseled on the anomaly including its treatment and prognosis

Ocular morbidity in children with allergic conjunctivitis: A rural-urban survey

Background: Allergic conjunctivitis occasionally may result in some ocular morbidities. This ranges from innocuous to severe forms of ocular disorders. Aim: This study reports and compares ocular morbidities among children with ocular allergies living in an urban and rural community. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study conducted in urban and rural schools among children aged 5–15 years using a multistage sampling method. Sociodemographic data, past ocular history, history of ocular allergies, and treatment were collected with an interviewer-based questionnaire and were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. Descriptive analyses of sociodemographic variables and associated ocular morbidity were carried out. The Chi-square test was used to test associations between rural and urban groups. A P = 0.05 or less was considered significant. Results: Associated ocular morbidities were seen in 8% (19/238) of the children with allergic conjunctivitis. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of ocular morbidities observed between both locations (8.1 vs. 7.9 in the rural and urban location, respectively, with a P = 1.000). Children with mild forms of allergic conjunctivitis were 197 (82.8%), and only 1.7% had severe forms. The moderate and severe form of allergic conjunctivitis were more prevalent in the rural area (P = 0.002) while untreated allergic conjunctivitis was found in 168 (70.6%) of those affected. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a higher proportion of moderate-to-severe forms of allergic conjunctivitis among school children in the rural region with the majority being untreated